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Published online on February 9, 2005, 10.1073/pnas.0409900102

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Microbiology
Complete genome sequence of Vibrio fischeri: A symbiotic bacterium with pathogenic congeners

( genomics | pili | symbiosis | toxins | toxin-coregulated pilus )

E. G. Ruby *{dagger}, M. Urbanowski {ddagger}, J. Campbell {sect}, A. Dunn ¶, M. Faini ||, R. Gunsalus **, P. Lostroh {ddagger}, C. Lupp *, J. McCann *, D. Millikan *, A. Schaefer *, E. Stabb ¶, A. Stevens ||, K. Visick {dagger}{dagger}, C. Whistler *, and E. P. Greenberg {ddagger}

*Pacific Biomedical Research Center, Kewalo Marine Laboratory, and W. M. Keck Microbial Communities and Cell Signaling Program, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813; {ddagger}Department of Microbiology and W. M. Keck Microbial Communities and Cell Signaling Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242; {sect}Integrated Genomics, Chicago, IL 60612; Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602; ||Department of Biology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Blacksburg, VA 24061; **Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095; and {dagger}{dagger}Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153

Contributed by E. P. Greenberg, December 31, 2004

Vibrio fischeri belongs to the Vibrionaceae, a large family of marine {gamma}-proteobacteria that includes several dozen species known to engage in a diversity of beneficial or pathogenic interactions with animal tissue. Among the small number of pathogenic Vibrio species that cause human diseases are Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Vibrio vulnificus, the only members of the Vibrionaceae that have had their genome sequences reported. Nonpathogenic members of the genus Vibrio, including a number of beneficial symbionts, make up the majority of the Vibrionaceae, but none of these species has been similarly examined. Here we report the genome sequence of V. fischeri ES114, which enters into a mutualistic symbiosis in the light organ of the bobtail squid, Euprymna scolopes. Analysis of this sequence has revealed surprising parallels with V. cholerae and other pathogens.

Author contributions: E.G.R. and E.P.G. designed research; E.G.R., M.L.U., J.C., A.D., M.F., R.G., P.L., C.L., J.M., D.M., A. Schaefer, E.S., A. Stevens, K.V., and C.W. performed research; M.L.U. and J.C. contributed new reagents/analytic tools; E.G.R., M.L.U., and J.C. analyzed data; and E.G.R., M.L.U., and E.P.G. wrote the paper.

{dagger}To whom correspondence should be addressed.

E. G. Ruby, E-mail: egruby{at}wisc.edu

www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.0409900102
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