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Published online on July 25, 2005, 10.1073/pnas.0504766102 OPEN ACCESS ARTICLE


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Environmental Sciences-Biological Sciences
The psychrophilic lifestyle as revealed by the genome sequence of Colwellia psychrerythraea 34H through genomic and proteomic analyses

( proteome | psychrophily | bioremediation | astrobiology | three-dimensional homology modeling )

Barbara A. Methé *{dagger}, Karen E. Nelson *, Jody W. Deming {ddagger}{sect}, Bahram Momen ¶, Eugene Melamud ||, Xijun Zhang ||, John Moult ||, Ramana Madupu *, William C. Nelson *, Robert J. Dodson *, Lauren M. Brinkac *, Sean C. Daugherty *, Anthony S. Durkin *, Robert T. DeBoy *, James F. Kolonay *, Steven A. Sullivan *, Liwei Zhou *, Tanja M. Davidsen *, Martin Wu *, Adrienne L. Huston **, Matthew Lewis *, Bruce Weaver *, Janice F. Weidman *, Hoda Khouri *, Terry R. Utterback *, Tamara V. Feldblyum *, and Claire M. Fraser *

*The Institute for Genomic Research, 9712 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850; {ddagger}School of Oceanography and Astrobiology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195; Department of Natural Resource Sciences and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, 1108 H. J. Patterson Hall, College Park, MD 20742; ||Center for Advanced Research in Biotechnology, Biotechnology Institute, University of Maryland, 9600 Gudelsky Drive, Rockville, MD 20850; and **Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802

Contributed by Jody W. Deming, June 9, 2005

The completion of the 5,373,180-bp genome sequence of the marine psychrophilic bacterium Colwellia psychrerythraea 34H, a model for the study of life in permanently cold environments, reveals capabilities important to carbon and nutrient cycling, bioremediation, production of secondary metabolites, and cold-adapted enzymes. From a genomic perspective, cold adaptation is suggested in several broad categories involving changes to the cell membrane fluidity, uptake and synthesis of compounds conferring cryotolerance, and strategies to overcome temperature-dependent barriers to carbon uptake. Modeling of three-dimensional protein homology from bacteria representing a range of optimal growth temperatures suggests changes to proteome composition that may enhance enzyme effectiveness at low temperatures. Comparative genome analyses suggest that the psychrophilic lifestyle is most likely conferred not by a unique set of genes but by a collection of synergistic changes in overall genome content and amino acid composition.

Author contributions: B.A.M., K.E.N., J.W.D., and C.M.F. designed research; B.A.M., K.E.N., B.M., E.M., X.Z., J.M., R.M., W.C.N., R.J.D., L.M.B., S.C.D., A.S.D., R.T.D., J.F.K., S.A.S., L.Z., T.M.D., M.W., A.L.H., M.L., B.W., J.F.W., H.K., T.R.U., and T.V.F. performed research; J.W.D., B.M., E.M., X.Z., and J.M. contributed new reagents/analytic tools; B.A.M., K.E.N., J.W.D., B.M., E.M., X.Z., J.M., R.M., W.C.N., R.J.D., L.M.B., S.C.D., A.S.D., R.T.D., J.F.K., S.A.S., L.Z., T.M.D., M.W., A.L.H., M.L., B.W., J.F.W., H.K., T.R.U., and T.V.F. analyzed data; and B.A.M., K.E.N., J.W.D., B.M., E.M., J.M., and A.L.H. wrote the paper.

Freely available online through the PNAS open access option.

{dagger}To whom correspondence may be addressed at: The Institute for Genomic Research, 9712 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850.

{sect}To whom correspondence may be addressed at: School of Oceanography, Box 357940, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195.

Barbara A. Methé, E-mail: bmethe{at}tigr.org
Jody W. Deming, E-mail: jdeming{at}u.washington.edu

www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.0504766102
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