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Published online on May 15, 2006, 10.1073/pnas.0602874103

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Plant Biology
The negative regulator of plant cold responses, HOS1, is a RING E3 ligase that mediates the ubiquitination and degradation of ICE1

( cold stress | RING finger protein )

Chun-Hai Dong *, Manu Agarwal *, Yiyue Zhang {dagger}, Qi Xie {dagger}, and Jian-Kang Zhu *{ddagger}

*Institute for Integrative Genome Biology and Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521; and {dagger}Institute of Genetics and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China

Communicated by André T. Jagendorf, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, April 10, 2006 (received for review January 10, 2006)

Plant responses to cold stress are mediated by a transcriptional cascade, in which the transcription factor ICE1 and possibly related proteins activate the expression of C-repeat (CRT)-binding factors (CBFs), leading to the transcription of downstream effector genes. The variant RING finger protein high expression of osmotically responsive gene (HOS)1 was identified genetically as a negative regulator of cold responses. We present evidence here that HOS1 is an E3 ligase required for the ubiquitination of ICE1. HOS1 physically interacts with ICE1 and mediates the ubiquitination of ICE1 both in vitro and in vivo. We found that cold induces the degradation of ICE1 in plants, and this degradation requires HOS1. Consistent with enhanced cold-responsive gene expression in loss-of-function hos1 mutant plants, overexpression of HOS1 represses the expression of CBFs and their downstream genes and confers increased sensitivity to freezing stress. Our results indicate that cold stress responses in Arabidopsis are attenuated by a ubiquitination/proteasome pathway in which HOS1 mediates the degradation of the ICE1 protein.

Author contributions: J.-K.Z. designed research; C.-H.D., M.A., and Y.Z. performed research; C.-H.D., Y.Z., and Q.X. analyzed data; and C.-H.D. wrote the paper.

Conflict of interest statement: No conflicts declared.

{ddagger}To whom correspondence should be addressed.

Jian-Kang Zhu, E-mail: jian-kang.zhu{at}ucr.edu

www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.0602874103
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