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CHEMISTRY
Electroactive controlled release thin films

Kris C. Wood^*, Nicole S. Zacharia, Daniel J. Schmidt^*, Stefani N. Wrightman^*, Brian J. Andaya, and Paula T. Hammond^*,

Departments of *Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139; and Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627

Edited by David A. Tirrell, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, and approved December 10, 2007 (received for review July 25, 2007)

Abstract

We present the fabrication of nanoscale electroactive thin films that can be engineered to undergo remotely controlled dissolution in the presence of a small applied voltage (+1.25 V) to release precise quantities of chemical agents. These films, which are assembled by using a nontoxic, FDA-approved, electroactive material known as Prussian Blue, are stable enough to release a fraction of their contents after the application of a voltage and then to restabilize upon its removal. As a result, it is possible to externally trigger agent release, exert control over the relative quantity of agents released from a film, and release multiple doses from one or more films in a single solution. These electroactive systems may be rapidly and conformally coated onto a wide range of substrates without regard to size, shape, or chemical composition, and as such they may find use in a host of new applications in drug delivery as well as the related fields of tissue engineering, medical diagnostics, and chemical detection.

drug delivery | layer-by-layer thin film | polymer | responsive materials | Prussian Blue

Author contributions: K.C.W., N.S.Z., and D.J.S. contributed equally to this work; K.C.W., N.S.Z., D.J.S., and P.T.H. designed research; K.C.W., N.S.Z., D.J.S., S.N.W., and B.J.A. performed research; K.C.W., N.S.Z., D.J.S., and P.T.H. analyzed data; and K.C.W. and P.T.H. wrote the paper.

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

This article is a PNAS Direct Submission.

To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: hammond{at}mit.edu

© 2008 by The National Academy of Sciences of the USA

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