Communicated by Henry C. Harpending, University of Utah, Salt
Lake City, UT, January 23, 2001 (received for review June 7, 2000)
Human history is punctuated by periods of rapid cultural change.
Although archeologists have developed a range of models to describe
cultural transitions, in most real examples we do not know whether the
processes involved the movement of people or the movement of culture
only. With a series of relatively well defined cultural transitions,
the British Isles present an ideal opportunity to assess the
demographic context of cultural change. Important transitions after the
first Paleolithic settlements include the Neolithic, the development of
Iron Age cultures, and various historical invasions from continental
Europe. Here we show that patterns of Y-chromosome variation indicate
that the Neolithic and Iron Age transitions in the British Isles
occurred without large-scale male movements. The more recent invasions from Scandinavia, on the other hand, appear to have left a significant paternal genetic legacy. In contrast, patterns of mtDNA and
X-chromosome variation indicate that one or more of these
pre-Anglo-Saxon cultural revolutions had a major effect on the maternal
genetic heritage of the British Isles.
Evolution
Genetic evidence for different male and female roles during
cultural transitions in the British Isles
,
,,,
Galton Laboratory, Department of Biology, University
College London, Wolfson House, 4 Stephenson Way, London NW1 2HE, United
Kingdom; Department of Zoology, University of Oxford,
South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, United Kingdom;
§ Department of Anthropology, University of California,
Davis, CA 95616; and ¶ The Centre for Genetic Anthropology,
Department of Biology, Darwin Building, University College London,
Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
To whom reprint requests should be addressed.
E-mail: d.goldstein{at}ucl.ac.uk.
www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.071036898
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