Pseudo-cryptic speciation in coccolithophores
- Alberto G. Sáez†,‡,
- Ian Probert§,
- Markus Geisen†,¶,
- Patrick Quinn∥,
- Jeremy R. Young¶, and
- Linda K. Medlin†
- †Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Biology, Department of Biological Oceanography, Am Handelshafen 12, D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany;§Laboratoire de Biologie et Biotechnologies Marines, Université de Caen Basse Normandie, Esplanade de la Paix, 14032, Caen Cedex, France;¶Palaeontology Department, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, England; and ∥Geological Institute, Sonneggstrasse 5, ETH, CH-8008 Zurich, Switzerland
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Communicated by W. A. Berggren, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute, Woods Hole, MA, April 9, 2003 (received for review August 19, 2002)
Abstract
Coccolithophores are a group of calcifying unicellular algae that constitute a major fraction of oceanic primary productivity, play an important role in the global carbon cycle, and are key biostratigraphic marker fossils. Their taxonomy is primarily based on the morphology of the minute calcite plates, or coccoliths, covering the cell. These are diverse and include widespread fine scale variation, of which the biological/taxonomic significance is unknown. Do they represent phenotypic plasticity, genetic polymorphisms, or species-specific characters? Our research on five commonly occurring coccolithophores supports the hypothesis that such variation represents pseudocryptic speciation events, occurring between 0.3 and 12.9 million years ago from a molecular clock estimation. This finding suggests strong stabilizing selection acting on coccolithophorid phenotypes. Our results also provide strong support for the use of fine scale morphological characters of coccoliths in the fossil record to improve biostratigraphic resolution and paleoceanographic data retrieval.
Footnotes
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↵ ‡ To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: a.saez{at}imperial.ac.uk.
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Abbreviations: Ma, million years (geologic age); S, small morphotype; I, intermediate morphotype; L*, large ambiguous morphotype; L, large morphotype; ITS, internal transcribed spacer.
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Data deposition: The sequences reported in this paper have been deposited in the GenBank database (accession nos. AJ544115–AJ544134).
- Copyright © 2003, The National Academy of Sciences
