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Published online on October 9, 2003, 10.1073/pnas.1735581100
PNAS | October 28, 2003 | vol. 100 | no. 22 | 12554-12558


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GEOLOGY
Branched aliphatic alkanes with quaternary substituted carbon atoms in modern and ancient geologic samples

Fabien Kenig * {dagger}, Dirk-Jan H. Simons *, David Crich {ddagger}, James P. Cowen §, Gregory T. Ventura *, Tatiana Rehbein-Khalily *, Todd C. Brown *, and Ken B. Anderson ¶

Departments of *Earth and Environmental Sciences and {ddagger}Chemistry, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607; §Department of Oceanography, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822; and Chemistry Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439

Communicated by John M. Hayes, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, August 29, 2003 (received for review June 26, 2003)

A pseudohomologous series of branched aliphatic alkanes with a quaternary substituted carbon atom (BAQCs, specifically 2,2-dimethylalkanes and 3,3- and 5,5-diethylalkanes) were identified in warm (65°C) deep-sea hydrothermal waters and Late Cretaceous black shales. 5,5-Diethylalkanes were also observed in modern and Holocene marine shelf sediments and in shales spanning the last 800 million years of the geological record. The carbon number distribution of BAQCs indicates a biological origin. These compounds were observed but not identified in previous studies of 2.0 billion- to 2.2 billion-year-old metasediments and were commonly misidentified in other sediment samples, indicating that BAQCs are widespread in the geological record. The source organisms of BAQCs are unknown, but their paleobiogeographic distribution suggests that they have an affinity for sulfides and might be nonphotosynthetic sulfide oxidizers.

Abbreviations: BAQC, branched aliphatic alkane with a quaternary substituted carbon atom; DMA, dimethylalkane; DEA, diethylalkane; ODP, Ocean Drilling Project; Ga, billion years; FTIR, Fourier transform IR; Ma, million years.

{dagger} To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: fkenig{at}uic.edu.


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