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Published online on September 13, 2004, 10.1073/pnas.0405883101
PNAS | September 21, 2004 | vol. 101 | no. 38 | 13762-13767


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BIOCHEMISTRY
Structural basis for the interaction of Escherichia coli NusA with protein N of phage {lambda}

Irena Bonin *, Rene Mühlberger {dagger}, Gleb P. Bourenkov {ddagger}, Robert Huber *, Adelbert Bacher {dagger}, Gerald Richter {dagger}, and Markus C. Wahl §, ¶

*Max-Planck-Institut für Biochemie, Abteilung Strukturforschung, Am Klopferspitz 18a, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany; {dagger}Technische Universität München, Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, D-85747 Garching, Germany; {ddagger}Max-Planck-Arbeitsgruppen für Strukturelle Molekularbiologie, Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron, Arbeitsgruppe Proteindynamik, Notkestrasse 85, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany; and §Max-Planck-Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Abteilung Zelluläre Biochemie/Röntgenkristallographie, Am Fassberg 11, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany

Contributed by Robert Huber, August 11, 2004

The C terminus of transcription factor NusA from Escherichia coli comprises two repeat units, which bind during antitermination to protein N from phage {lambda}. To delineate the structural basis of the NusA–{lambda}N interaction, we attempted to crystallize the NusA C-terminal repeats in complex with a {lambda}N peptide (residues 34–47). The two NusA domains became proteolytically separated during crystallization, and crystals contained two copies of the first repeat unit in contact with a single {lambda}N fragment. The NusA modules employ identical regions to contact the peptide but approach the ligand from opposite sides. In contrast to the {alpha}-helical conformation of the {lambda}N N terminus in complex with boxB RNA, residues 34–40 of {lambda}N remain extended upon interaction with NusA. Mutational analyses indicated that only one of the observed NusA–{lambda}N interaction modes is biologically significant, supporting an equimolar ratio of NusA and {lambda}N in antitermination complexes. Solution studies indicated that additional interactions are fostered by the second NusA repeat unit, consistent with known compensatory mutations in NusA and {lambda}N. Contrary to the RNA polymerase {alpha} subunit, {lambda}N binding does not stimulate RNA interaction of NusA. The results demonstrate that {lambda}N serves as a scaffold to closely oppose NusA and the mRNA in antitermination complexes.


Abbreviations: AR, acidic repeat; CTD, C-terminal domain; {alpha}-CTD, CTD of RNAP subunit {alpha}; ITC, isothermal titration calorimetry; KH, K-homology; NTD, N-terminal domain; RNAP, RNA polymerase.

Data deposition: The structure coordinates have been deposited in the Protein Data Bank, www.pdb.org (PDB ID code 1U9L).

To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: mwahl{at}gwdg.de.

© 2004 by The National Academy of Sciences of the USA


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