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Published online on March 7, 2005, 10.1073/pnas.0500807102
PNAS | March 15, 2005 | vol. 102 | no. 11 | 3924-3929


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CHEMISTRY
Magnetic self-assembly of three-dimensional surfaces from planar sheets

Mila Boncheva *, Stefan A. Andreev *, L. Mahadevan {dagger}, Adam Winkleman *, David R. Reichman {ddagger}, Mara G. Prentiss §, Sue Whitesides ¶, and George M. Whitesides *, ||

*Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138; {dagger}Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138; {ddagger}Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, NY 10027; §Department of Physics, Harvard University, 17 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138; and School of Computer Science, McGill University, 3480 University Street, Montreal, QB, Canada H3A 2A7

Contributed by George M. Whitesides, February 1, 2005

This report describes the spontaneous folding of flat elastomeric sheets, patterned with magnetic dipoles, into free-standing, 3D objects that are the topological equivalents of spherical shells. The path of the self-assembly is determined by a competition between mechanical and magnetic interactions. The potential of this strategy for the fabrication of 3D electronic devices is demonstrated by generating a simple electrical circuit surrounding a spherical cavity.

folding | microfabrication | 3D structure | soft lithography | soft electronics

Author contributions: M.B., S.A.A., L.M., A.W., D.R.R., M.G.P., S.W., and G.M.W. designed research; M.B., S.A.A., L.M., A.W., and D.R.R. performed research; and M.B. and G.M.W. wrote the paper.

Abbreviations: LED, light-emitting diode; PDMS, poly(dimethylsiloxane).

|| To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: gwhitesides{at}gmwgroup.harvard.edu.

© 2005 by The National Academy of Sciences of the USA


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