Folio Bioscience, clinical sample procurement Sign up for PNAS Online eTocs
Link: Info for AuthorsLink: Editorial BoardLink: AboutLink: SubscribeLink: AdvertiseLink: ContactLink: Sitemap Link: PNAS Home
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Link: Current Issue "" Link: Archives "" Link: Online Submission ""  Link: Advanced Search

Published online on September 19, 2005, 10.1073/pnas.0506758102
PNAS | September 27, 2005 | vol. 102 | no. 39 | 13950-13955
OPEN ACCESS ARTICLE


This Article
Free via Open Access: OA
Right arrow Figures Only
Right arrow OA Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Supporting Information
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a colleague
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in ISI Web of Science
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Add to My File Cabinet
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow Request Copyright Permission
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via CrossRef
Right arrow Citing Articles via ISI Web of Science (118)
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Tettelin, H.
Right arrow Articles by Fraser, C. M.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Tettelin, H.
Right arrow Articles by Fraser, C. M.
Social Bookmarking
Add to CiteULike   Add to Complore   Add to Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us   Add to Digg  
What's this?

 Previous Article  | Table of Contents |  Next Article 

GENETICS
Genome analysis of multiple pathogenic isolates of Streptococcus agalactiae: Implications for the microbial "pan-genome"

Hervé Tettelin a b, Vega Masignani b, c, Michael J. Cieslewicz b, d, e, Claudio Donati c, Duccio Medini c, Naomi L. Ward a, f, Samuel V. Angiuoli a, Jonathan Crabtree a, Amanda L. Jones g, A. Scott Durkin a, Robert T. DeBoy a, Tanja M. Davidsen a, Marirosa Mora c, Maria Scarselli c, Immaculada Margarit y Ros c, Jeremy D. Peterson a, Christopher R. Hauser a, Jaideep P. Sundaram a, William C. Nelson a, Ramana Madupu a, Lauren M. Brinkac a, Robert J. Dodson a, Mary J. Rosovitz a, Steven A. Sullivan a, Sean C. Daugherty a, Daniel H. Haft a, Jeremy Selengut a, Michelle L. Gwinn a, Liwei Zhou a, Nikhat Zafar a, Hoda Khouri a, Diana Radune a, George Dimitrov a, Kisha Watkins a, Kevin J. B. O'Connor h, Shannon Smith i, Teresa R. Utterback i, Owen White a, Craig E. Rubens g, Guido Grandi c, Lawrence C. Madoff e, j, Dennis L. Kasper e, j, John L. Telford c, Michael R. Wessels d, e, Rino Rappuoli c k, l, and Claire M. Fraser a b k, m

aInstitute for Genomic Research, 9712 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850; cChiron Vaccines, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy; dDivision of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115; eHarvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; fCenter of Marine Biotechnology, University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, 701 East Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD 21202; gChildren's Hospital and Regional Medical Center, 307 Westlake Avenue N, Seattle, WA 98109; hThe Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218; iJ. Craig Venter Institute, 5 Research Place, Rockville, MD 20850; jChanning Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115; and mGeorge Washington University Medical Center, 2300 Eye Street NW, Washington, DC 20037

Contributed by Rino Rappuoli, August 5, 2005

The development of efficient and inexpensive genome sequencing methods has revolutionized the study of human bacterial pathogens and improved vaccine design. Unfortunately, the sequence of a single genome does not reflect how genetic variability drives pathogenesis within a bacterial species and also limits genome-wide screens for vaccine candidates or for antimicrobial targets. We have generated the genomic sequence of six strains representing the five major disease-causing serotypes of Streptococcus agalactiae, the main cause of neonatal infection in humans. Analysis of these genomes and those available in databases showed that the S. agalactiae species can be described by a pan-genome consisting of a core genome shared by all isolates, accounting for {approx}80% of any single genome, plus a dispensable genome consisting of partially shared and strain-specific genes. Mathematical extrapolation of the data suggests that the gene reservoir available for inclusion in the S. agalactiae pan-genome is vast and that unique genes will continue to be identified even after sequencing hundreds of genomes.

bacterial species | comparative genomics | group B Streptococcus

Author contributions: R.R. designed research; H.T., V.M., M.J.C., C.D., D.M., N.L.W., S.V.A., J.C., A.L.J., A.S.D., R.T.D., T.M.D., M.M., M.S., I.M.y.R., J.D.P., C.R.H., J.P.S, W.C.N., R.M., L.M.B., R.J.D., M.J.R., S.A.S., S.C.D., D.H.H., J.S., M.L.G., L.Z., N.Z., H.K., D.R., G.D., K.W., K.J.B.O., S.S., T.R.U., C.E.R., and G.G. performed research; H.T., V.M., C.D., D.M., O.W., L.C.M., D.L.K., and M.R.W. analyzed data; and H.T., V.M., M.J.C., C.D., D.M., N.L.W., J.L.T., C.M.F., and R.R. wrote the paper.

Freely available online through the PNAS open access option.

Abbreviations: GBS, group B Streptococcus; MLST, multilocus sequence typing; GAS, group A Streptococcus.

Data deposition: The sequences reported in this paper have been deposited in the DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank database [accession nos. AAJO01000000 (18RS21), AAJP01000000 (515), AAJQ01000000 (CJB111), AAJR01000000 (COH1), AAJS01000000 (H36B), and CP000114 (A909)].

b H.T., V.M., and M.J.C. contributed equally to this work.

k R.R. and C.M.F. contributed equally to this work.

l To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: rino_rappuoli{at}chiron.com.

© 2005 by The National Academy of Sciences of the USA


Add to CiteULike CiteULike   Add to Complore Complore   Add to Connotea Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us Del.icio.us   Add to Digg Digg    What's this?


This article has been cited by other articles in HighWire Press-hosted journals:


Home page
 J. Bacteriol.Home page
H. Urbanczyk, J. C. Ast, A. J. Kaeding, J. D. Oliver, and P. V. Dunlap
Phylogenetic Analysis of the Incidence of lux Gene Horizontal Transfer in Vibrionaceae
J. Bacteriol., May 15, 2008; 190(10): 3494 - 3504.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 MicrobiologyHome page
I. C. Sutcliffe, G. W. Black, and D. J. Harrington
Bioinformatic insights into the biosynthesis of the Group B carbohydrate in Streptococcus agalactiae
Microbiology, May 1, 2008; 154(5): 1354 - 1363.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Microbiol.Home page
J. F. Bohnsack, A. Whiting, M. Gottschalk, D. M. Dunn, R. Weiss, P. H. Azimi, J. B. Philips III, L. E. Weisman, G. G. Rhoads, and F.-Y. C. Lin
Population Structure of Invasive and Colonizing Strains of Streptococcus agalactiae from Neonates of Six U.S. Academic Centers from 1995 to 1999
J. Clin. Microbiol., April 1, 2008; 46(4): 1285 - 1291.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Bacteriol.Home page
S.-M. Jiang, N. Ishmael, J. D. Hotopp, M. Puliti, L. Tissi, N. Kumar, M. J. Cieslewicz, H. Tettelin, and M. R. Wessels
Variation in the Group B Streptococcus CsrRS Regulon and Effects on Pathogenicity
J. Bacteriol., March 15, 2008; 190(6): 1956 - 1965.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
C. Schoen, J. Blom, H. Claus, A. Schramm-Gluck, P. Brandt, T. Muller, A. Goesmann, B. Joseph, S. Konietzny, O. Kurzai, et al.
Whole-genome comparison of disease and carriage strains provides insights into virulence evolution in Neisseria meningitidis
PNAS, March 4, 2008; 105(9): 3473 - 3478.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Appl. Environ. Microbiol.Home page
M. S. Ammor, M. Gueimonde, M. Danielsen, M. Zagorec, A. H. A. M. van Hoek, C. G. de los Reyes-Gavilan, B. Mayo, and A. Margolles
Two Different Tetracycline Resistance Mechanisms, Plasmid-Carried tet(L) and Chromosomally Located Transposon-Associated tet(M), Coexist in Lactobacillus sakei Rits 9
Appl. Envir. Microbiol., March 1, 2008; 74(5): 1394 - 1401.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Appl. Environ. Microbiol.Home page
M. Boyer, J. Haurat, S. Samain, B. Segurens, F. Gavory, V. Gonzalez, P. Mavingui, R. Rohr, R. Bally, and F. Wisniewski-Dye
Bacteriophage Prevalence in the Genus Azospirillum and Analysis of the First Genome Sequence of an Azospirillum brasilense Integrative Phage
Appl. Envir. Microbiol., February 1, 2008; 74(3): 861 - 874.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Genome Res.Home page
G. S. Vernikos and J. Parkhill
Resolving the structural features of genomic islands: A machine learning approach
Genome Res., February 1, 2008; 18(2): 331 - 342.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Bacteriol.Home page
M. Brochet, E. Couve, M. Zouine, C. Poyart, and P. Glaser
A Naturally Occurring Gene Amplification Leading to Sulfonamide and Trimethoprim Resistance in Streptococcus agalactiae
J. Bacteriol., January 15, 2008; 190(2): 672 - 680.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Brief BioinformHome page
M. Brilli, R. Fani, and P. Lio
Current trends in the bioinformatic sequence analysis of metabolic pathways in prokaryotes
Brief Bioinform, January 1, 2008; 9(1): 34 - 45.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Nucleic Acids ResHome page
G. A. Pandya, M. H. Holmes, S. Sunkara, A. Sparks, Y. Bai, K. Verratti, K. Saeed, P. Venepally, B. Jarrahi, R. D. Fleischmann, et al.
A bioinformatic filter for improved base-call accuracy and polymorphism detection using the Affymetrix GeneChip(R) whole-genome resequencing platform
Nucleic Acids Res., December 18, 2007; 35(21): e148 - e148.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Bacteriol.Home page
B. G. Butcher, Y.-P. Lin, and J. D. Helmann
The yydFGHIJ Operon of Bacillus subtilis Encodes a Peptide That Induces the LiaRS Two-Component System
J. Bacteriol., December 1, 2007; 189(23): 8616 - 8625.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Bacteriol.Home page
N. L. Hiller, B. Janto, J. S. Hogg, R. Boissy, S. Yu, E. Powell, R. Keefe, N. E. Ehrlich, K. Shen, J. Hayes, et al.
Comparative Genomic Analyses of Seventeen Streptococcus pneumoniae Strains: Insights into the Pneumococcal Supragenome
J. Bacteriol., November 15, 2007; 189(22): 8186 - 8195.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Appl. Environ. Microbiol.Home page
L. P. Wackett, J. A. Frias, J. L. Seffernick, D. J. Sukovich, and S. M. Cameron
Genomic and Biochemical Studies Demonstrating the Absence of an Alkane-Producing Phenotype in Vibrio furnissii M1
Appl. Envir. Microbiol., November 15, 2007; 73(22): 7192 - 7198.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 MicrobiologyHome page
M. Ibrahim, P. Nicolas, P. Bessieres, A. Bolotin, V. Monnet, and R. Gardan
A genome-wide survey of short coding sequences in streptococci
Microbiology, November 1, 2007; 153(11): 3631 - 3644.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Microbiol.Home page
E. R. Martins, J. Melo-Cristino, and M. Ramirez
Reevaluating the Serotype II Capsular Locus of Streptococcus agalactiae
J. Clin. Microbiol., October 1, 2007; 45(10): 3384 - 3386.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Bacteriol.Home page
E. Varhimo, K. Savijoki, J. Jalava, O. P. Kuipers, and P. Varmanen
Identification of a Novel Streptococcal Gene Cassette Mediating SOS Mutagenesis in Streptococcus uberis
J. Bacteriol., July 15, 2007; 189(14): 5210 - 5222.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Appl. Environ. Microbiol.Home page
G. Hery-Arnaud, G. Bruant, P. Lanotte, S. Brun, B. Picard, A. Rosenau, N. van der Mee-Marquet, P. Rainard, R. Quentin, and L. Mereghetti
Mobile Genetic Elements Provide Evidence for a Bovine Origin of Clonal Complex 17 of Streptococcus agalactiae
Appl. Envir. Microbiol., July 15, 2007; 73(14): 4668 - 4672.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J Med MicrobiolHome page
K. M. Puopolo, D. C. Klinzing, M. P. Lin, D. L. Yesucevitz, and M. J. Cieslewicz
A composite transposon associated with erythromycin and clindamycin resistance in group B Streptococcus
J. Med. Microbiol., July 1, 2007; 56(7): 947 - 955.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Microbiol.Home page
C. Poyart, A. Tazi, H. Reglier-Poupet, A. Billoet, N. Tavares, J. Raymond, and P. Trieu-Cuot
Multiplex PCR Assay for Rapid and Accurate Capsular Typing of Group B Streptococci
J. Clin. Microbiol., June 1, 2007; 45(6): 1985 - 1988.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Appl. Environ. Microbiol.Home page
D. P. Keymer, M. C. Miller, G. K. Schoolnik, and A. B. Boehm
Genomic and Phenotypic Diversity of Coastal Vibrio cholerae Strains Is Linked to Environmental Factors
Appl. Envir. Microbiol., June 1, 2007; 73(11): 3705 - 3714.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Appl. Environ. Microbiol.Home page
M. C. Miller, D. P. Keymer, A. Avelar, A. B. Boehm, and G. K. Schoolnik
Detection and Transformation of Genome Segments That Differ within a Coastal Population of Vibrio cholerae Strains
Appl. Envir. Microbiol., June 1, 2007; 73(11): 3695 - 3704.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 MicrobiologyHome page
R. E. Wirawan, K. M. Swanson, T. Kleffmann, R. W. Jack, and J. R. Tagg
Uberolysin: a novel cyclic bacteriocin produced by Streptococcus uberis
Microbiology, May 1, 2007; 153(5): 1619 - 1630.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Infect. Immun.Home page
H. Wu, M. Zeng, and P. Fives-Taylor
The Glycan Moieties and the N-Terminal Polypeptide Backbone of a Fimbria-Associated Adhesin, Fap1, Play Distinct Roles in the Biofilm Development of Streptococcus parasanguinis
Infect. Immun., May 1, 2007; 75(5): 2181 - 2188.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Exp. Biol.Home page
N. Hall
Advanced sequencing technologies and their wider impact in microbiology
J. Exp. Biol., May 1, 2007; 210(9): 1518 - 1525.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Bacteriol.Home page
P. Xu, J. M. Alves, T. Kitten, A. Brown, Z. Chen, L. S. Ozaki, P. Manque, X. Ge, M. G. Serrano, D. Puiu, et al.
Genome of the Opportunistic Pathogen Streptococcus sanguinis
J. Bacteriol., April 15, 2007; 189(8): 3166 - 3175.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 MicrobiologyHome page
H. Yukawa, C. A. Omumasaba, H. Nonaka, P. Kos, N. Okai, N. Suzuki, M. Suda, Y. Tsuge, J. Watanabe, Y. Ikeda, et al.
Comparative analysis of the Corynebacterium glutamicum group and complete genome sequence of strain R
Microbiology, April 1, 2007; 153(4): 1042 - 1058.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Infect. Immun.Home page
A. Rosenau, K. Martins, S. Amor, F. Gannier, P. Lanotte, N. van der Mee-Marquet, L. Mereghetti, and R. Quentin
Evaluation of the Ability of Streptococcus agalactiae Strains Isolated from Genital and Neonatal Specimens To Bind to Human Fibrinogen and Correlation with Characteristics of the fbsA and fbsB Genes
Infect. Immun., March 1, 2007; 75(3): 1310 - 1317.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Infect. Immun.Home page
A. K. Johri, I. Margarit, M. Broenstrup, C. Brettoni, L. Hua, S. P. Gygi, J. L. Telford, G. Grandi, and L. C. Paoletti
Transcriptional and Proteomic Profiles of Group B Streptococcus Type V Reveal Potential Adherence Proteins Associated with High-Level Invasion
Infect. Immun., March 1, 2007; 75(3): 1473 - 1483.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Bacteriol.Home page
B. Berger, R. D. Pridmore, C. Barretto, F. Delmas-Julien, K. Schreiber, F. Arigoni, and H. Brussow
Similarity and Differences in the Lactobacillus acidophilus Group Identified by Polyphasic Analysis and Comparative Genomics
J. Bacteriol., February 15, 2007; 189(4): 1311 - 1321.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Bacteriol.Home page
A. Guidot, P. Prior, J. Schoenfeld, S. Carrere, S. Genin, and C. Boucher
Genomic Structure and Phylogeny of the Plant Pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum Inferred from Gene Distribution Analysis
J. Bacteriol., January 15, 2007; 189(2): 377 - 387.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Bacteriol.Home page
H. Lindroos, O. Vinnere, A. Mira, D. Repsilber, K. Naslund, and S. G. E. Andersson
Genome Rearrangements, Deletions, and Amplifications in the Natural Population of Bartonella henselae
J. Bacteriol., November 1, 2006; 188(21): 7426 - 7439.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol Biol EvolHome page
I. Comas, A. Moya, R. K. Azad, J. G. Lawrence, and F. Gonzalez-Candelas
The Evolutionary Origin of Xanthomonadales Genomes and the Nature of the Horizontal Gene Transfer Process
Mol. Biol. Evol., November 1, 2006; 23(11): 2049 - 2057.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Infect. Immun.Home page
S. A. Shelburne III, P. Sumby, I. Sitkiewicz, N. Okorafor, C. Granville, P. Patel, J. Voyich, R. Hull, F. R. DeLeo, and J. M. Musser
Maltodextrin utilization plays a key role in the ability of group a streptococcus to colonize the oropharynx.
Infect. Immun., August 1, 2006; 74(8): 4605 - 4614.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Infect. Immun.Home page
C. Obert, J. Sublett, D. Kaushal, E. Hinojosa, T. Barton, E. I. Tuomanen, and C. J. Orihuela
Identification of a Candidate Streptococcus pneumoniae Core Genome and Regions of Diversity Correlated with Invasive Pneumococcal Disease.
Infect. Immun., August 1, 2006; 74(8): 4766 - 4777.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Infect. Immun.Home page
S. Zhang, N. M. Green, I. Sitkiewicz, R. B. LeFebvre, and J. M. Musser
Identification and Characterization of an Antigen I/II Family Protein Produced by Group A Streptococcus
Infect. Immun., July 1, 2006; 74(7): 4200 - 4213.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
J. D. Oh, H. Kling-Backhed, M. Giannakis, J. Xu, R. S. Fulton, L. A. Fulton, H. S. Cordum, C. Wang, G. Elliott, J. Edwards, et al.
The complete genome sequence of a chronic atrophic gastritis Helicobacter pylori strain: Evolution during disease progression
PNAS, June 27, 2006; 103(26): 9999 - 10004.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Bacteriol.Home page
R. O. Mattos-Graner, K. A. Porter, D. J. Smith, Y. Hosogi, and M. J. Duncan
Functional Analysis of Glucan Binding Protein B from Streptococcus mutans
J. Bacteriol., June 1, 2006; 188(11): 3813 - 3825.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 MicrobiologyHome page
J. C. Waterhouse and R. R. B. Russell
Dispensable genes and foreign DNA in Streptococcus mutans
Microbiology, June 1, 2006; 152(6): 1777 - 1788.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J Med MicrobiolHome page
S. V. Ramaswamy, P. Ferrieri, L. C. Madoff, A. E. Flores, N. Kumar, H. Tettelin, and L. C. Paoletti
Identification of novel cps locus polymorphisms in nontypable group B Streptococcus
J. Med. Microbiol., June 1, 2006; 55(6): 775 - 783.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
S. L. Chen, C.-S. Hung, J. Xu, C. S. Reigstad, V. Magrini, A. Sabo, D. Blasiar, T. Bieri, R. R. Meyer, P. Ozersky, et al.
Identification of genes subject to positive selection in uropathogenic strains of Escherichia coli: A comparative genomics approach
PNAS, April 11, 2006; 103(15): 5977 - 5982.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 MicrobiologyHome page
K. N. Seifert, E. E. Adderson, A. A. Whiting, J. F. Bohnsack, P. J. Crowley, and L. J. Brady
A unique serine-rich repeat protein (Srr-2) and novel surface antigen ({varepsilon}) associated with a virulent lineage of serotype III Streptococcus agalactiae.
Microbiology, April 1, 2006; 152(Pt 4): 1029 - 1040.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Microbiol.Home page
N. van der Mee-Marquet, A.-S. Domelier, L. Mereghetti, P. Lanotte, A. Rosenau, W. van Leeuwen, and R. Quentin
Prophagic DNA Fragments in Streptococcus agalactiae Strains and Association with Neonatal Meningitis.
J. Clin. Microbiol., March 1, 2006; 44(3): 1049 - 1058.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 MicrobiologyHome page
P. C. Champ, T. T. Binnewies, N. Nielsen, G. Zinman, K. Kiil, H. Wu, J. Bohlin, and D. W. Ussery
Genome update: purine strand bias in 280 bacterial genomes.
Microbiology, March 1, 2006; 152(Pt 3): 579 - 583.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Genome Res.Home page
C. M. Fraser-Liggett
Insights on biology and evolution from microbial genome sequencing
Genome Res., December 1, 2005; 15(12): 1603 - 1610.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]