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Published online on October 20, 2005, 10.1073/pnas.0504892102
PNAS | November 1, 2005 | vol. 102 | no. 44 | 15752-15756


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APPLIED PHYSICAL SCIENCES
In vitro and in vivo two-photon luminescence imaging of single gold nanorods

Haifeng Wang *, Terry B. Huff {dagger}, Daniel A. Zweifel {dagger}, Wei He {dagger}, Philip S. Low {dagger}, Alexander Wei {dagger}, {ddagger}, and Ji-Xin Cheng *, {dagger}, §

*Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering and {dagger}Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907

Edited by Y. Ron Shen, University of California, Berkeley, CA and approved September 14, 2005 (received for review June 11, 2005)

Gold nanorods excited at 830 nm on a far-field laser-scanning microscope produced strong two-photon luminescence (TPL) intensities, with a cos4 dependence on the incident polarization. The TPL excitation spectrum can be superimposed onto the longitudinal plasmon band, indicating a plasmon-enhanced two-photon absorption cross section. The TPL signal from a single nanorod is 58 times that of the two-photon fluorescence signal from a single rhodamine molecule. The application of gold nanorods as TPL imaging agents is demonstrated by in vivo imaging of single nanorods flowing in mouse ear blood vessels.

in vivo imaging | plasmon resonance | multiphoton | nonlinear optics

Author contributions: P.S.L., A.W., and J.-X.C. designed research; H.W. and T.B.H. performed the optical experiments; D.A.Z. prepared the nanorods and provided the TEM image; W.H. handled the mouse subject; and J.-X.C. wrote the paper.

Conflict of interest statement: No conflicts declared.

This paper was submitted directly (Track II) to the PNAS office.

Abbreviations: TPL, two-photon luminescence; TPF, two-photon fluorescence.

The animal study protocol has been approved by Purdue University Animal Care and Use Committee (no. 96-069-02).

{ddagger}To whom correspondence may be addressed at: Department of Chemistry, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907. E-mail: alexwei{at}purdue.edu. §To whom correspondence may be addressed at: Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 500 Central Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907. E-mail: jcheng{at}purdue.edu.

© 2005 by The National Academy of Sciences of the USA


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