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Published online on February 22, 2005, 10.1073/pnas.0409918102
PNAS | March 1, 2005 | vol. 102 | no. 9 | 3465-3470


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MICROBIOLOGY
Genomic characterization of non-O1, non-O139 Vibrio cholerae reveals genes for a type III secretion system

Michelle Dziejman * {dagger}, Davide Serruto * {ddagger}, Vincent C. Tam *, Derek Sturtevant *, Pornphan Diraphat * §, Shah M. Faruque ¶, M. Hasibur Rahman ¶, John F. Heidelberg ||, Jeremy Decker **, Li Li **, Kate T. Montgomery **, George Grills **, Raju Kucherlapati {dagger}{dagger}, and John J. Mekalanos *, {ddagger}{ddagger}

*Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115; Molecular Genetics Laboratory, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka-1212, Bangladesh; ||The Institute for Genomic Research, 9712 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850; **Harvard Partners Genome Center, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA 02139; and {dagger}{dagger}Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, New Research Building, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115

Contributed by John J. Mekalanos, December 31, 2004

Non-O1, non-O139 Vibrio cholerae can cause gastroenteritis and extraintestinal infections, but, unlike O1 and O139 strains of V. cholerae, little is known about the virulence gene content of non-O1, non-O139 strains and their phylogenetic relationship to other pathogenic V. cholerae. Comparative genomic microarray analysis of four pathogenic non-O1, non-O139 strains indicates that these strains are quite divergent from O1 and O139 strains. Genomic sequence analysis of a non-O1, non-O139 strain (AM-19226) that appeared particularly pathogenic in experimental animals suggests that this strain carries a type III secretion system (TTSS) that is related to the TTSS2 gene cluster found in a pandemic clone of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The genes for this V. cholerae TTSS system appear to be present in many clinical and environmental non-O1, non-O139 strains, including at least one clone that is globally distributed. We hypothesize that the TTSS present in some pathogenic strains of non-O1, non-O139 V. cholerae may be involved in the virulence and environmental fitness of these strains.

genome | virulence | cholera pathogenesis

Author contributions: M.D., S.M.F., R.K., and J.J.M. designed research; M.D., D. Serruto, V.C.T., D. Sturtevant, P.D., S.M.F., M.H.R., K.T.M., and G.G. performed research; S.M.F., J.F.H., and R.K. contributed new reagents/analytic tools; M.D., D. Serruto, V.C.T., D. Sturtevant, P.D., S.M.F., M.H.R., J.F.H., K.T.M., G.G., R.K., and J.J.M. analyzed data; and M.D., V.C.T., and J.J.M. wrote the paper.

Abbreviations: CT, cholera toxin; TCP, toxin-coregulated pilus; TTSS, type III secretion system; VSP, Vibrio seventh pandemic; TDH, thermostable direct hemolysin; gDNA, genomic DNA; RITARD, removable intestinal tie-adult rabbit diarrhea.

{dagger} Present address: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642.

{ddagger} Present address: Chiron Vaccines, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy.

§ Present address: Department of Microbiology, Mahidol University, Rachadewee, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.

{ddagger}{ddagger} To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: john_mekalanos{at}hms.harvard.edu.

© 2005 by The National Academy of Sciences of the USA


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