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PHYSICAL SCIENCES / BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES / APPLIED PHYSICAL SCIENCES / MEDICAL SCIENCES
Real-time metabolic imaging

Klaes Golman^*, René in ‘t Zandt, and Mikkel Thaning

Amersham Health R&D AB, GE Healthcare, Medeon, SE-205 12 Malmö, Sweden

Communicated by Alexander Pines, University of California, Berkeley, CA, March 7, 2006 (received for review November 22, 2005)

The endogenous substance pyruvate is of major importance to maintain energy homeostasis in the cells and provides a window to several important metabolic processes essential to cell survival. Cell viability is therefore reflected in the metabolism of pyruvate. NMR spectroscopy has until now been the only noninvasive method to gain insight into the fate of pyruvate in the body, but the low NMR sensitivity even at high field strength has only allowed information about steady-state conditions. The medically relevant information about the distribution, localization, and metabolic rate of the substance during the first minute after the injection has not been obtainable. Use of a hyperpolarization technique has enabled 10–15% polarization of ¹³C₁ in up to a 0.3 M pyruvate solution. i.v. injection of the solution into rats and pigs allows imaging of the distribution of pyruvate and mapping of its major metabolites lactate and alanine within a time frame of 10 s. Real-time molecular imaging with MRI has become a reality.

¹³C | dynamic nuclear polarization | hyperpolarized | MRI | spectroscopy

Author contributions: K.G. and R.i.t.Z. designed research; R.i.t.Z. performed research; M.T. contributed new reagents/analytic tools; R.i.t.Z. analyzed data; and K.G. and R.i.t.Z. wrote the paper.

Conflict of interest statement: K.G., R.i.t.Z., and M.T. are employees of Amersham Health R&D AB Malmö, which is now part of GE Healthcare.

*To whom correspondence should be sent at the present address: Mellemvang 3B, DK-2970 Hoersholm, Denmark. E-mail: golman{at}mail.tele.dk

© 2006 by The National Academy of Sciences of the USA

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