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Published online on July 18, 2006, 10.1073/pnas.0604517103
PNAS | July 25, 2006 | vol. 103 | no. 30 | 11358-11363
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BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES / MICROBIOLOGY
Electrically conductive bacterial nanowires produced by Shewanella oneidensis strain MR-1 and other microorganisms

Yuri A. Gorby*,{dagger}, Svetlana Yanina*, Jeffrey S. McLean*, Kevin M. Rosso*, Dianne Moyles{ddagger}, Alice Dohnalkova*, Terry J. Beveridge{ddagger}, In Seop Chang§, Byung Hong Kim, Kyung Shik Kim, David E. Culley*, Samantha B. Reed*, Margaret F. Romine*, Daad A. Saffarini||, Eric A. Hill*, Liang Shi*, Dwayne A. Elias*,**, David W. Kennedy*, Grigoriy Pinchuk*, Kazuya Watanabe{dagger}{dagger}, Shun’ichi Ishii{dagger}{dagger}, Bruce Logan{ddagger}{ddagger}, Kenneth H. Nealson§§, and Jim K. Fredrickson*

*Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352; {ddagger}Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1; Water Environment and Remediation Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 136-791, Korea; §Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, Korea; ||Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53211; **Department of Agriculture Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211; {dagger}{dagger}Marine Biotechnology Institute, Heita, Kamaishi, Iwate 026-0001, Japan; {ddagger}{ddagger}Department of Environmental Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802; and §§Department of Earth Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089

Communicated by J. Woodland Hastings, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, June 6, 2006 (received for review September 20, 2005)

Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 produced electrically conductive pilus-like appendages called bacterial nanowires in direct response to electron-acceptor limitation. Mutants deficient in genes for c-type decaheme cytochromes MtrC and OmcA, and those that lacked a functional Type II secretion pathway displayed nanowires that were poorly conductive. These mutants were also deficient in their ability to reduce hydrous ferric oxide and in their ability to generate current in a microbial fuel cell. Nanowires produced by the oxygenic phototrophic cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC6803 and the thermophilic, fermentative bacterium Pelotomaculum thermopropionicum reveal that electrically conductive appendages are not exclusive to dissimilatory metal-reducing bacteria and may, in fact, represent a common bacterial strategy for efficient electron transfer and energy distribution.

biofilms | cytochromes | electron transport | microbial fuel cells

Freely available online through the PNAS open access option.

Author contributions: Y.A.G., I.S.C., B.H.K., B.L., and J.K.F. designed research; Y.A.G., S.Y., J.S.M., D.M., A.D., T.J.B., I.S.C., K.S.K., D.E.C., E.A.H., D.A.E., D.W.K., G.P., and S.I. performed research; D.E.C., S.B.R., M.F.R., D.A.S., L.S., K.W., and S.I. contributed new reagents/analytic tools; S.Y., J.S.M., K.M.R., T.J.B., I.S.C., B.H.K., K.H.N., and J.K.F. analyzed data; and Y.A.G., J.S.M., K.M.R., K.H.N., and J.K.F. wrote the paper.

Conflict of interest statement: No conflicts declared.

{dagger}To whom correspondence should be addressed at: Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, MS: P7-50, Richland, WA 99352. E-mail: yuri.gorby{at}pnl.gov

© 2006 by The National Academy of Sciences of the USA


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