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BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES / MEDICAL SCIENCES
Vitamin D receptor is essential for normal keratinocyte stem cell function

Luisella Cianferotti, Megan Cox, Kristi Skorija, and Marie B. Demay^*

Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114

Communicated by John T. Potts, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, March 29, 2007 (received for review December 13, 2006)

The major physiological role of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) is the maintenance of mineral ion homeostasis. Mutation of the VDR, in humans and mice, results in alopecia. Unlike the effects of the VDR on mineral ion homeostasis, the actions of the VDR that prevent alopecia are ligand-independent. Although absence of the VDR does not prevent the development of a keratinocyte stem cell niche in the bulge region of the hair follicle, it results in an inability of these stem cells to regenerate the lower portion of the hair follicle in vivo and impairs keratinocyte stem cell colony formation in vitro. VDR ablation is associated with a gradual decrease in keratinocyte stem cells, accompanied by an increase in sebaceous activity, a phenotype analogous to that seen with impaired canonical Wnt signaling. Transient gene expression assays demonstrate that the cooperative transcriptional effects of -catenin and Lef1 are abolished in keratinocytes isolated from VDR-null mice, revealing a role for the unliganded VDR in canonical Wnt signaling. Thus, absence of the VDR impairs canonical Wnt signaling in keratinocytes and leads to the development of alopecia due to a defect in keratinocyte stem cells.

alopecia | knockout | Wnt signaling | Lef

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

*To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: demay{at}helix.mgh.harvard.edu

© 2007 by The National Academy of Sciences of the USA

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