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Published online on July 6, 2007, 10.1073/pnas.0611266104
PNAS | July 17, 2007 | vol. 104 | no. 29 | 12169-12174


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PHYSICAL SCIENCES / BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES / ENGINEERING / NEUROSCIENCE
Retinotopic mapping of adult human visual cortex with high-density diffuse optical tomography

Benjamin W. Zeff*, Brian R. White{dagger}, Hamid Dehghani{ddagger}, Bradley L. Schlaggar*, and Joseph P. Culver*,§

*Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110; {dagger}Department of Physics and School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130; and {ddagger}Department of Physics, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QJ, United Kingdom

Edited by Marcus E. Raichle, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, and approved May 29, 2007 (received for review December 19, 2006)

Functional neuroimaging is a vital element of neuroscience and cognitive research and, increasingly, is an important clinical tool. Diffuse optical imaging is an emerging, noninvasive technique with unique portability and hemodynamic contrast capabilities for mapping brain function in young subjects and subjects in enriched or clinical environments. We have developed a high-performance, high-density diffuse optical tomography (DOT) system that overcomes previous limitations and enables superior image quality. We show herein the utility of the DOT system by presenting functional hemodynamic maps of the adult human visual cortex. The functional brain images have a high contrast-to-noise ratio, allowing visualization of individual activations and highly repeatable mapping within and across subjects. With the improved spatial resolution and localization, we were able to image functional responses of 1.7 cm in extent and shifts of <1 cm. Cortical maps of angle and eccentricity in the visual field are consistent with retinotopic studies using functional MRI and positron-emission tomography. These results demonstrate that high-density DOT is a practical and powerful tool for mapping function in the human cortex.

functional brain mapping | near-infrared spectroscopy | neuroimaging | retinotopy

Author contributions: B.W.Z., B.L.S., and J.P.C. designed research; B.W.Z., B.R.W., and J.P.C. performed research; B.W.Z. B.R.W., H.D., and J.P.C. contributed new reagents/analytic tools; B.W.Z., B.R.W., and J.P.C. analyzed data; and B.W.Z., B.R.W., B.L.S., H.D., and J.P.C. wrote the paper.

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

This article is a PNAS Direct Submission.

This article contains supporting information online at www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/0611266104/DC1.

§To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: culverj{at}wustl.edu

© 2007 by The National Academy of Sciences of the USA


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