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Departments of Immunology and Molecular Biology, The Scripps
Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037
Antibodies that bind well to the envelope spikes of
immunodeficiency viruses such as HIV type 1 (HIV-1) and simian
immunodeficiency virus (SIV) can offer protection or benefit if present
at appropriate concentrations before viral exposure. The challenge in
antibody-based HIV-1 vaccine design is to elicit such antibodies to the
viruses involved in transmission in humans (primary viruses). At least two major obstacles exist. The first is that very little of the envelope spike surface of primary viruses appears accessible for antibody binding (low antigenicity), probably because of
oligomerization of the constituent proteins and a high degree of
glycosylation of one of the proteins. The second is that the mature
oligomer constituting the spikes appears to stimulate only weak
antibody responses (low immunogenicity). Viral variation is another
possible obstacle that appears to present fewer problems than
anticipated. Vaccine design should focus on presentation of an intact
mature oligomer, increasing the immunogenicity of the oligomer and
learning from the antibodies available that potently neutralize primary viruses.
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
Vol. 94,
pp. 10018-10023,
September 1997
Review
A vaccine for HIV type 1: The antibody perspective
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