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Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
Vol. 94,
pp. 12914-12919,
November 1997
* Department of Molecular Biology, School of Science, Nagoya
University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-01, Japan; and
Communicated by Sydney Kustu, University of California, Berkeley,
CA, September 17, 1997 (received for review May 2, 1997)
The inhibition of
Biochemistry
cAMP receptor protein-cAMP plays a crucial role in
glucose-lactose diauxie by activating the major glucose transporter
gene in Escherichia coli
, and
E. C. Slater Institute, BioCentrum, University of Amsterdam, Plantage
Muidergracht 12, 1018 TV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
-galactosidase expression in a medium
containing both glucose and lactose is a typical example of the glucose effect in Escherichia coli. We studied the glucose
effect in the lacL8UV5 promoter mutant, which is
independent of cAMP and cAMP receptor protein (CRP). A strong
inhibition of
-galactosidase expression by glucose and a diauxic
growth were observed when the lacL8UV5 cells were grown
on a glucose-lactose medium. The addition of isopropyl
-D-thiogalactoside to the culture medium eliminated the
glucose effect. Disruption of the crr gene or
overproduction of LacY also eliminated the glucose effect. These
results are fully consistent with our previous finding that the glucose
effect in wild-type cells growing in a glucose-lactose medium is not due to the reduction of CRP-cAMP levels but is due to the inducer exclusion. We found that the glucose effect in the
lacL8UV5 cells was no longer observed when either the
crp or the cya gene was disrupted.
Evidence suggested that CRP-cAMP may not enhance directly the
lac repressor action in vivo. Northern
blot analysis revealed that the mRNA for ptsG, a major
glucose transporter gene, was markedly reduced in a
crp or
cya background. The constitutive expression of the ptsG gene by the introduction of a
multicopy plasmid restored the glucose effect in
cya or
crp cells. We conclude that CRP-cAMP plays a crucial
role in inducer exclusion, which is responsible for the
glucose-lactose diauxie, by activating the expression of the
ptsG gene.
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