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Vol. 95, Issue 18, 10693-10697, September 1, 1998
* Department of Biology and Museum of Zoology, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; and Edited by Stephen Jay Gould, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, and
approved June 25, 1998 (received for review March 10, 1998)
Mitochondrial genomes of all vertebrate animals analyzed to date
have the same 37 genes, whose arrangement in the circular DNA molecule
varies only in the relative position of a few genes. This relative
conservation suggests that mitochondrial gene order characters have
potential utility as phylogenetic markers for higher-level vertebrate
taxa. We report discovery of a mitochondrial gene order that has had
multiple independent originations within birds, based on sampling of
137 species representing 13 traditionally recognized orders. This
provides evidence of parallel evolution in mitochondrial gene order for
animals. Our results indicate operation of physical constraints on
mitochondrial gene order changes and support models for gene order
change based on replication error. Bird mitochondria have a displaced
OL (origin of light-strand replication site) as do various
other Reptilia taxa prone to gene order changes. Our findings point to
the need for broad taxonomic sampling in using mitochondrial gene order
for phylogenetic analyses. We found, however, that the alternative
mitochondrial gene orders distinguish the two primary groups of
songbirds (order Passeriformes), oscines and suboscines, in agreement
with other molecular as well as morphological data sets. Thus, although
mitochondrial gene order characters appear susceptible to some parallel
evolution because of mechanistic constraints, they do hold promise for
phylogenetic studies.
Copyright © 1998 by The National Academy of Sciences 0027-8424/98/9510693-5$2.00/0
Evolution
Multiple independent origins of mitochondrial gene order in birds
,
, and Boston University,
Department of Biology, Boston, MA 02215
To whom reprint requests should be addressed at: Museum of
Zoology, University of Michigan, 1109 Geddes Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI
48109. e-mail: mindell{at}umich.edu.
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