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Vol. 96, Issue 23, 13404-13408, November 9, 1999

Microbiology
An ancient family of human endogenous retroviruses encodes a functional homolog of the HIV-1 Rev protein

Jin Yang^*,, Hal P. Bogerd^*,, Sheila Peng, Heather Wiegand^*,, Ray Truant^*,, and Bryan R. Cullen^*,,

^* Howard Hughes Medical Institute and  Department of Genetics, Box 3025, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710

Edited by John M. Coffin, Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA, and approved September 28, 1999 (received for review August 25, 1999)

The human endogenous retrovirus K (HERV-K) family of endogenous retroviruses consists of 50 proviral copies per haploid human genome. Herein, the HERV-Ks are shown to encode a sequence-specific nuclear RNA export factor, termed K-Rev, that is functionally analogous to the HIV-1 Rev protein. Like HIV-1 Rev, K-Rev binds to both the Crm1 nuclear export factor and to a cis-acting viral RNA target to activate nuclear export of unspliced RNAs. Surprisingly, this HERV-K RNA sequence, which is encoded within the HERV-K long terminal repeat, is also recognized by HIV-1 Rev. These data provide surprising evidence for an evolutionary link between HIV-1 and a group of endogenous retroviruses that first entered the human genome 30 million years ago.

Copyright © 1999 by The National Academy of Sciences  0027-8424/99/9613404-5$2.00/0
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