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PNAS | July 5, 2000 | vol. 97 | no. 14 | 7865-7870
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Cell Biology
 Modeling the fission yeast cell cycle: Quantized cycle times in wee1minus cdc25Delta mutant cells

Akos Sveiczer*,dagger , Attila Csikasz-Nagy*, Bela Gyorffy*, John J. TysonDagger , and Bela Novak*

* Department of Agricultural Chemical Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1521 Budapest, Szt. Gellert ter 4, Hungary; and Dagger  Department of Biology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061

Edited by Paul Nurse, Imperial Cancer Research Fund, London, United Kingdom, and approved April 17, 2000 (received for review January 4, 2000)

A detailed mathematical model for the fission yeast mitotic cycle is developed based on positive and negative feedback loops by which Cdc13/Cdc2 kinase activates and inactivates itself. Positive feedbacks are created by Cdc13/Cdc2-dependent phosphorylation of specific substrates: inactivating its negative regulators (Rum1, Ste9 and Wee1/Mik1) and activating its positive regulator (Cdc25). A slow negative feedback loop is turned on during mitosis by activation of Slp1/anaphase-promoting complex (APC), which indirectly re-activates the negative regulators, leading to a drop in Cdc13/Cdc2 activity and exit from mitosis. The model explains how fission yeast cells can exit mitosis in the absence of Ste9 (Cdc13 degradation) and Rum1 (an inhibitor of Cdc13/Cdc2). We also show that, if the positive feedback loops accelerating the G2/M transition (through Wee1 and Cdc25) are weak, then cells can reset back to G2 from early stages of mitosis by premature activation of the negative feedback loop. This resetting can happen more than once, resulting in a quantized distribution of cycle times, as observed experimentally in wee1- cdc25Delta mutant cells. Our quantitative description of these quantized cycles demonstrates the utility of mathematical modeling, because these cycles cannot be understood by intuitive arguments alone.

dagger To whom reprint requests should be addressed. E-mail: sveiczer.mkt{at}chem.bme.hu.


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