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Vol. 97, Issue 3, 996-1001, February 1, 2000
Department of Physics 0319, University of California, 9500 Gilman
Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093
Communicated by Harry Suhl, University of California, San Diego,
La Jolla, CA, and approved November 12, 1999 (received for review September 9, 1999)
We introduce and demonstrate the use of colloidal silver
plasmon-resonant particles (PRPs) as optical reporters in typical biological assays. PRPs are ultrabright, nanosized optical scatterers, which scatter light elastically and can be prepared with a scattering peak at any color in the visible spectrum. PRPs are readily observed individually with a microscope configured for dark-field microscopy, with white-light illumination of typical power. Here we illustrate the
use of PRPs, surface coated with standard ligands, as target-specific labels in an in situ hybridization and an immunocytology
assay. We propose that PRPs can replace or complement established
labels, such as those based on radioactivity, fluorescence,
chemiluminescence, or enzymatic/colorimetric detection that are used
routinely in biochemistry, cell biology, and medical diagnostic
applications. Moreover, because PRP labels are nonbleaching and bright
enough to be rapidly identified and counted, an ultrasensitive assay format based on single-target molecule detection is now practical. We
also present the results of a model sandwich immunoassay for goat
anti-biotin antibody, in which the number of PRP labels counted in an
image constitutes the measured signal.
Applied Biological Sciences
Single-target molecule detection with nonbleaching multicolor
optical immunolabels
*
To whom reprint requests should be addressed. E-mail:
dschultz{at}ucsd.edu.
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