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PNAS | August 28, 2001 | vol. 98 | no. 18 | 10457-10462
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Neurobiology
 Noninvasive neuroelectronic interfacing with synaptically connected snail neurons immobilized on a semiconductor chip

Günther Zeck and Peter Fromherz*

Department of Membrane and Neurophysics, Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry, D 82152 Martinsried/Munich, Germany

Communicated by Erwin Neher, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Goettingen, Germany, July 6, 2001 (received for review April 22, 2001)

A hybrid circuit of a semiconductor chip and synaptically connected neurons was implemented and characterized. Individual nerve cells from the snail Lymnaea stagnalis were immobilized on a silicon chip by microscopic picket fences of polyimide. The cells formed a network with electrical synapses after outgrowth in brain conditioned medium. Pairs of neurons were electronically interfaced for noninvasive stimulation and recording. Voltage pulses were applied to a capacitive stimulator on the chip to excite the attached neuron. Signals were transmitted in the neuronal net and elicited an action potential in a second neuron. The postsynaptic excitation modulated the current of a transistor on the chip. The implementation of the silicon-neuron-neuron-silicon circuit constitutes a proof-of-principle experiment for the development of neuroelectronic systems to be used in studies on neuronal signal processing, neurocomputation, and neuroprosthetics.

* To whom reprint requests should be addressed. E-mail: fromherz{at}biochem.mpg.de.

www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.181348698
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