Previous Article |
Table of Contents
| Next Article 
Santa Fe Institute, 1399 Hyde Park Road, Santa Fe, NM 87501
Communicated by Murray Gell-Mann, Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe,
NM, November 13, 2000 (received for review July 12, 2000)
The structure of scientific collaboration networks is investigated.
Two scientists are considered connected if they have authored a paper
together and explicit networks of such connections are constructed by
using data drawn from a number of databases, including MEDLINE
(biomedical research), the Los Alamos e-Print Archive (physics), and
NCSTRL (computer science). I show that these collaboration networks
form "small worlds," in which randomly chosen pairs of scientists
are typically separated by only a short path of intermediate acquaintances. I further give results for mean and distribution of
numbers of collaborators of authors, demonstrate the presence of
clustering in the networks, and highlight a number of apparent differences in the patterns of collaboration between the fields studied.
From the Cover
Applied Mathematics
The structure of scientific collaboration networks
*
E-mail: mark{at}santafe.edu.
CiteULike 
Complore 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us 
Digg What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles in HighWire Press-hosted journals:
|
|
 |
|
  W. A. Mason, F. R. Conrey, and E. R. Smith Situating Social Influence Processes: Dynamic, Multidirectional Flows of Influence Within Social Networks Personality and Social Psychology Review, August 1, 2007; 11(3): 279 - 300. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. Pfeiffer and R. Hoffmann Temporal patterns of genes in scientific publications PNAS, July 17, 2007; 104(29): 12052 - 12056. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. Cowan, N. Jonard, and J.-B. Zimmermann Bilateral Collaboration and the Emergence of Innovation Networks Management Science, July 1, 2007; 53(7): 1051 - 1067. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. W. Rivkin and N. Siggelkow Patterned Interactions in Complex Systems: Implications for Exploration Management Science, July 1, 2007; 53(7): 1068 - 1085. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Braha and Y. Bar-Yam The Statistical Mechanics of Complex Product Development: Empirical and Analytical Results Management Science, July 1, 2007; 53(7): 1127 - 1145. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Kogut, P. Urso, and G. Walker Emergent Properties of a New Financial Market: American Venture Capital Syndication, 1960-2005 Management Science, July 1, 2007; 53(7): 1181 - 1198. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Md. Aftabuddin and S. Kundu Hydrophobic, Hydrophilic, and Charged Amino Acid Networks within Protein Biophys. J., July 1, 2007; 93(1): 225 - 231. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. M. D'Souza, C. Borgs, J. T. Chayes, N. Berger, and R. D. Kleinberg From the Cover: Emergence of tempered preferential attachment from optimization PNAS, April 10, 2007; 104(15): 6112 - 6117. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Gfeller, P. De Los Rios, A. Caflisch, and F. Rao From the Cover: Complex network analysis of free-energy landscapes PNAS, February 6, 2007; 104(6): 1817 - 1822. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. CLARKSON and D. DEKORTE The Problem of Patent Thickets in Convergent Technologies Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., December 1, 2006; 1093(1): 180 - 200. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. Bourret, A. Mogoutov, C. Julian-Reynier, and A. Cambrosio A New Clinical Collective for French Cancer Genetics: A Heterogeneous Mapping Analysis Science Technology Human Values, July 1, 2006; 31(4): 431 - 464. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. E. J. Newman From the Cover: Modularity and community structure in networks PNAS, June 6, 2006; 103(23): 8577 - 8582. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. Berry and M. Quoy Structure and Dynamics of Random Recurrent Neural Networks Adaptive Behavior, June 1, 2006; 14(2): 129 - 137. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y. Louzoun, L. Muchnik, and S. Solomon Copying nodes versus editing links: the source of the difference between genetic regulatory networks and the WWW Bioinformatics, March 1, 2006; 22(5): 581 - 588. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. Kossinets and D. J. Watts Empirical Analysis of an Evolving Social Network Science, January 6, 2006; 311(5757): 88 - 90. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Singh Collaborative Networks as Determinants of Knowledge Diffusion Patterns Management Science, May 1, 2005; 51(5): 756 - 770. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
O. Hofmann and D. Schomburg Concept-based annotation of enzyme classes Bioinformatics, May 1, 2005; 21(9): 2059 - 2066. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Guimera, B. Uzzi, J. Spiro, and L. A. N. Amaral Team Assembly Mechanisms Determine Collaboration Network Structure and Team Performance Science, April 29, 2005; 308(5722): 697 - 702. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. V. Carolan and G. Natriello Data-Mining Journals and Books: Using the Science of Networks to Uncover the Structure of the Educational Research Community Educational Researcher, April 1, 2005; 34(3): 25 - 33. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. W. Boyack Mapping knowledge domains: Characterizing PNAS PNAS, April 6, 2004; 101(suppl_1): 5192 - 5199. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. E. J. Newman Coauthorship networks and patterns of scientific collaboration PNAS, April 6, 2004; 101(suppl_1): 5200 - 5205. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Borner, J. T. Maru, and R. L. Goldstone The simultaneous evolution of author and paper networks PNAS, April 6, 2004; 101(suppl_1): 5266 - 5273. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Chen Searching for intellectual turning points: Progressive knowledge domain visualization PNAS, April 6, 2004; 101(suppl_1): 5303 - 5310. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Radicchi, C. Castellano, F. Cecconi, V. Loreto, and D. Parisi Defining and identifying communities in networks PNAS, March 2, 2004; 101(9): 2658 - 2663. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Furner Little Book, Big Book: Before and After Little Science, Big Science: A Review Article, Part II Journal of Librarianship and Information Science, September 1, 2003; 35(3): 189 - 201. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Aldana and P. Cluzel A natural class of robust networks PNAS, July 22, 2003; 100(15): 8710 - 8714. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 V. R. Young Trace Element Biology: The Knowledge Base and its Application for the Nutrition of Individuals and Populations J. Nutr., May 1, 2003; 133(5): 1581S - 1587. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. S. Goldberg and F. P. Roth Assessing experimentally derived interactions in a small world PNAS, April 15, 2003; 100(8): 4372 - 4376. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Wuchty Small worlds in RNA structures Nucleic Acids Res., February 1, 2003; 31(3): 1108 - 1117. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Milo, S. Shen-Orr, S. Itzkovitz, N. Kashtan, D. Chklovskii, and U. Alon Network Motifs: Simple Building Blocks of Complex Networks Science, October 25, 2002; 298(5594): 824 - 827. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K.-I. Goh, E. Oh, H. Jeong, B. Kahng, and D. Kim Classification of scale-free networks PNAS, October 1, 2002; 99(20): 12583 - 12588. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. A. Dunne, R. J. Williams, and N. D. Martinez Food-web structure and network theory: The role of connectance and size PNAS, October 1, 2002; 99(20): 12917 - 12922. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Girvan and M. E. J. Newman Community structure in social and biological networks PNAS, June 11, 2002; 99(12): 7821 - 7826. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. R. Young 2001 W.O. Atwater Memorial Lecture and the 2001 ASNS President's Lecture: Human Nutrient Requirements: The Challenge of the Post-Genome Era J. Nutr., April 1, 2002; 132(4): 621 - 629. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. E. J. Newman, D. J. Watts, and S. H. Strogatz Random graph models of social networks PNAS, February 19, 2002; 99(suppl_1): 2566 - 2572. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
