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PNAS | February 27, 2001 | vol. 98 | no. 5 | 2473-2478
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Ecology
 Plant growth in elevated CO2 alters mitochondrial number and chloroplast fine structure

Kevin L. Griffin*,dagger ,Dagger , O. Roger Anderson*,dagger , Mary D. Gastrich*, James D. Lewis§, Guanghui Lin, William Schuster||, Jeffrey R. Seemann**, David T. Tissuedagger dagger , Matthew H. TurnbullDagger Dagger , and David Whitehead§§,¶¶

* Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964; § Louis Calder Center, Biological Station and Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, Armonk, NY 10504;  Biosphere 2 Center, Columbia University, Oracle, AZ 85623; || Black Rock Forest, Cornwall, NY 12518; ** Department of Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557; dagger dagger  Department of Biology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409; Dagger Dagger  Department of Plant and Microbial Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand; §§ Landcare Research, P.O. Box 69, Lincoln 8152, New Zealand; and ¶¶ Forest Research, P.O. Box 29237, Christchurch, New Zealand

Communicated by Wallace S. Broecker, Columbia University, Palisades, NY, December 26, 2000 (received for review October 18, 2000)

With increasing interest in the effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 on plant growth and the global carbon balance, there is a need for greater understanding of how plants respond to variations in atmospheric partial pressure of CO2. Our research shows that elevated CO2 produces significant fine structural changes in major cellular organelles that appear to be an important component of the metabolic responses of plants to this global change. Nine species (representing seven plant families) in several experimental facilities with different CO2-dosing technologies were examined. Growth in elevated CO2 increased numbers of mitochondria per unit cell area by 1.3-2.4 times the number in control plants grown in lower CO2 and produced a statistically significant increase in the amount of chloroplast stroma (nonappressed) thylakoid membranes compared with those in lower CO2 treatments. There was no observable change in size of the mitochondria. However, in contrast to the CO2 effect on mitochondrial number, elevated CO2 promoted a decrease in the rate of mass-based dark respiration. These changes may reflect a major shift in plant metabolism and energy balance that may help to explain enhanced plant productivity in response to elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations.

dagger K.L.G. and O.R.A. contributed equally to this paper.

Dagger To whom reprint requests should be addressed. E-mail: griff{at}LDEO.columbia.edu.

www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.041620898
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