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Published online on November 27, 2002, 10.1073/pnas.252521499
PNAS | December 10, 2002 | vol. 99 | no. 25 | 16354-16359


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Psychology-BS
Dissociation between conflict detection and error monitoring in the human anterior cingulate cortex

Diane Swick * {dagger}, and And U. Turken {ddagger}

*Department of Neurology (127E), Veterans Affairs Northern California Health Care System, University of California at Davis, 150 Muir Road, Martinez, CA 94553; and {ddagger}Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305

Edited by Michael I. Posner, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, and approved October 15, 2002 (received for review August 27, 2002)

The relative importance of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) for the detection and resolution of response conflicts versus its role in error monitoring remains under debate. One disputed issue is whether conflict detection and error monitoring can be viewed as unitary functions performed by the same region of the ACC, or whether these processes can be dissociated functionally and anatomically. We used a combination of electrophysiological and neuropsychological methods to assess these competing hypotheses. A neurological patient with a rare focal lesion of rostral-to-middorsal ACC was tested in an event-related potential study designed to track the time course of neural activity during conflicts and erroneous responses. Compared with controls, the error-related negativity component after incorrect responses was attenuated in the patient, accompanied by lower error-correction rates. Conversely, the stimulus-locked component on correct conflict trials, the N450, was enhanced, and behavioral performance was impaired. We hypothesize that intact regions of lateral prefrontal cortex were able to detect response conflict, but damage to the dorsal ACC impaired response inhibition, which may be due to disconnection from cingulate and supplementary motor areas. The results implicate rostral-dorsal ACC in error monitoring and suggest this function can be dissociated from conflict-detection processes.

Abbreviations: ACC, anterior cingulate cortex; fMRI, functional MRI; ERP, event-related brain potential; ERN, error-related negativity; PFC, prefrontal cortex; RT, reaction time; CRN, correct-related negativity

{dagger} To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: diane{at}ebire.org.

This paper was submitted directly (Track II) to the PNAS office.


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