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Published online on December 13, 2002, 10.1073/pnas.262514499
PNAS | December 24, 2002 | vol. 99 | no. 26 | 16556-16561


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Geology
Direct imaging of nanoscale magnetic interactions in minerals

Richard J. Harrison *, Rafal E. Dunin-Borkowski {dagger} {ddagger}, and Andrew Putnis §

*Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, United Kingdom; {dagger}Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, United Kingdom; and §Institut für Mineralogie, Corrensstrasse 24, D-48149 Münster, Germany

Edited by W. G. Ernst, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, and approved November 4, 2002 (received for review August 26, 2002)

The magnetic microstructure of a natural, finely exsolved intergrowth of submicron magnetite blocks in an ulvöspinel matrix is characterized by using off-axis electron holography in the transmission electron microscope. Single-domain and vortex states in individual blocks, as well as magnetostatic interaction fields between them, are imaged at a spatial resolution approaching the nanometer scale. The images reveal an extremely complicated magnetic structure dominated by the shapes of the blocks and magnetostatic interactions. Magnetic superstates, in which clusters of magnetite blocks act collectively to form vortex and multidomain states that have zero net magnetization, are observed directly.

Abbreviations: SD, single domain; MD, multidomain; NRM, natural remanent magnetization; TEM, transmission electron microscopy

{ddagger} To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: rafal.db{at}msm.cam.ac.uk.

This paper was submitted directly (Track II) to the PNAS office.


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