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Contributions to accelerating atmospheric CO2 growth from economic activity, carbon intensity, and efficiency of natural sinks
- Josep G. Canadella,b,
- Corinne Le Quéréc,d,
- Michael R. Raupacha,
- Christopher B. Fielde,
- Erik T. Buitenhuisc,
- Philippe Ciaisf,
- Thomas J. Conwayg,
- Nathan P. Gillettc,
- R. A. Houghtonh, and
- Gregg Marlandi,j
- aGlobal Carbon Project, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Marine and Atmospheric Research, GPO Box 3023, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia;
- cSchool of Environment Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom;
- dBritish Antarctic Survey, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, United Kingdom;
- eDepartment of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Stanford, CA 94305;
- fLaboratorie des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, Commissariat a L'Energie Atomique, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France;
- gNational Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO 80305;
- hWoods Hole Research Center, Falmouth, MA 02540;
- iCarbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831; and
- jInternational Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria
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Edited by William C. Clark, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, and approved September 17, 2007 (received for review March 27, 2007)
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Fig. 1.Fossil-fuel intensity of the GWP from 1970 to 2006 (A) and the CO2 budget from 1959 to 2006 (B). Fossil-fuel intensity uses GWP data based on market exchange rates, expressed in U.S. dollars (referenced to 1990, with inflation removed). (B Upper) CO2 emissions to the atmosphere (sources) as the sum of fossil fuel combustion, land-use change, and other emissions, which are primarily from cement production. (Lower) The fate of the emitted CO2, including the increase in atmospheric CO2 plus the sinks of CO2 on land and in the ocean. Flux is in Pg y −1 carbon (left axis) and Pg y −1 CO2 (right axis).
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Fig. 2.Fraction of the total emissions (F Foss + F LUC) that remains in the atmosphere (A), the land biosphere (B), and the ocean (C).
Footnotes
- bTo whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: pep.canadell{at}csiro.au
- © 2007 by The National Academy of Sciences of the USA
