Biological design in science classrooms

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   Fig. 1.

   A comparison of phrasing in the prepublication manuscripts of the ID textbook Of Pandas and People. Early manuscripts freely used cognates of “creation” (creationism, creationist), but these terms were replaced by the phrase “intelligent design” after the mid-1987 Edwards v. Aguillard Supreme Court decision outlawing the teaching of creationism.

   
   
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   Fig. 2.

   The missing link between creation science and intelligent design. In the early 1987 manuscript (a) of Of Pandas and People, the original wording of a sentence in chapter 3 reads, “Evolutionists think the former is correct, creationists accept the latter view.” In the second 1987 manuscript (b), an incomplete (and uncorrected) block-and-paste of “design proponents” for the term “creationists” leaves “cdesign proponentsists” (sic), forming a missing link between creationism and ID.