cis-Jasmone induces Arabidopsis genes that affect the chemical ecology of multitrophic interactions with aphids and their parasitoids

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   Fig. 1.

   Olfactometer responses of M. persicae (A), L. erysimi (B), and A. ervi (C). Corrected responses are shown (mean time spent in the control arms was subtracted from time spent in the treated arm for each replicate). Asterisks indicate where time spent in the treated arm was significantly different from time spent in the control arm (P < 0.05).

   
   
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   Fig. 2.

   Foraging bioassay with A. ervi on CJ-treated Arabidopsis (A), A. ervi on CYP81D11-transformed Arabidopsis (B), and D. rapae on CJ-treated Arabidopsis (C). Asterisks indicate where treated and control responses were significantly different (P < 0.05).

   
   
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   Fig. 3.

   Northern blotting analysis of CYP81D11 (At3g28740) expression by Arabidopsis wild-type and overexpressing plants. (A) Wild-type plants were exposed to CJ or methyl jasmonate for 20 h. RNA was subsequently extracted from leaves, and At3g28740 expression was analyzed by Northern blotting. (B) Tissue-specific expression of At3g28740 in Arabidopsis wild-type after ± exposure to CJ for 20 h. (C) Transgenic Arabidopsis lines constitutively overexpressing CYP81D11 (At3g28740) confirmed by Northern blotting. RNA was isolated from rosette leaves from homozygous T₃ plants used in subsequent bioassays.

   
   
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   Fig. 4.

   GC-EAG with CYP81D11-induced Arabidopsis and A. ervi. Upper trace, response of antenna; lower trace, FID response. Electrophysiologically active peaks are marked with arrows. Tentative identifications based on retention indices and GC-MS: (1) (E)-2-pentenal, (2) (Z)-3-hexenal, (3) hexanal, (4) unidentified, (5) ethylbenzene. Tentative identifications based on retention index only, because of the small amount of material: (6) benzaldehyde/α-pinene, (7) 4-pentyl isothiocyanate/(E)-2-octen-1-ol, (8) unknown, (9) benzathiazole, (10) α-cubebene, (11) isolongifolene/bourbonene, (12) unidentified, (13) 2-tridecanone/germacrene D, (14) 4,8,12-trimethyl-(E,E)-trideca-1,3,7,11-tetraene, (15) unknown.