Electrical detection of single viruses

Patolsky et al. 10.1073/pnas.0406159101.

Supporting Information

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Supporting Figure 6
Supporting Figure 7
Supporting Figure 8
Supporting Movie 1
Supporting Movie 2
Supporting Movie 3

Supporting Figure 6

Fig. 6. Antibody coverage on nanowires. Transmission electron microscopy images of nanowires modified with antibodies as described in Materials and Methods. The antibodies were labeled with 5-nm gold nanoparticles (Au-NP). Different densities were obtained by varying the nanowire modification time (see Materials and Methods). (A) Low antibody coverage. (B) Medium antibody coverage. (C) High antibody coverage. (Lower) A summary of data from analysis of at least 10 images per coverage. These values represent a lower limit for true antibody densities since the reactivity of the free antibody may be higher than that of the antibody-NP conjugate. (Scale bars: A, 20 nm; B, 10 nm; C, 20 nm).

Supporting Figure 7

Fig. 7. Concentration-dependent virus binding. Conductance vs. time data were recorded as a function of influenza A concentration: virus-free buffer solution (A), 30 viral particles per μ l (B), 100 viral particles per μ l (C), and 1,000 viral particles per μ l (D).

Supporting Figure 8

Fig. 8. pH-dependent influenza A single virus binding measurements. Conductance data were recorded as a function of time for a nanowire modified with anti-influenza type A antibody at constant ionic strength for solution pH values of 5.5 (A), 6.5 (B), 7.0 (C), and 8.0 (D). The measurements were carried out with solutions containing 100 virus particles per μ l.

Supporting Movie 1

Movie 1. Real-time (one frame per s) confocal microscopy movie showing the binding/unbinding of an influenza A virus particle on the surface of the silicon nanowire device, corresponding to Fig. 3C, frames 4-6. Field of view is 8 x 8 μ m.

Supporting Movie 2

Movie 2. Real-time (one frame per s) confocal microscopy movie showing irreversible binding of a second influenza A virus particle to the surface of the silicon nanowire device, corresponding to Fig. 4A, frames 2-4. Field of view is 6.5 x 6.5 μ m.

Supporting Movie 3

Movie 3. Confocal microscopy movie (eight times slower than real time, one frame per s) showing a rapid binding/unbinding of an influenza A virus particle on the surface of the silicon nanowire device, corresponding to Fig. 4B, frames 1-3. The field of view is 7 x 7 μ m.