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|
Prasad et al. 10.1073/pnas.0501432102. |
Fig. 6. Saturation kinetic analysis of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) transport by human serotonin transporter (hSERT), Pro339Leu (P339L), and Ile425Val (I425V). Plots are derived from mean activities obtained in three or more separate experiments. Kinetic values obtained were the following: hSERT, Vmax, 416.2 ± 19 fmol per well per min: Km, 1.00 ± 0.17 mM; Pro339Leu, Vmax, 1.2 ± 0.11 fmol per well per min: Km, ND; Ile425Val, Vmax, 789.5 ± 28 fmol per well per min; Km, 0.56 ± 0.13 mM.
Fig. 7. Impact of SERT-coding variants on total and cell surface [125I]RTI-55 (3b-(4-iodophenyl)tropan-2b-carboxylic acid methyl ester) binding. HeLa cells transiently transfected with hSERT or one of the SERT-coding variants were subjected to intact cell-binding assays at 4°C with the cocaine analog [125I]RTI-55(5 nM) as described in Materials and Methods. (A) Total binding values as defined with paroxetine (10 mM) as displacer. (B) Surface labeling by [125I]RTI-55 as defined with 5-HT (100 mM) as displacer. In vehicle-treated cells, hSERT total binding (fmol per 106 cells) was 618.2 ± 27.9, and the surface binding was 173.8 ± 6.6. Results for A and B reflect mean values ± SEM of three separate experiments normalized to hSERT (100%). Binding levels were analyzed by means of a one-way ANOVA followed by post hoc Dunnett’s tests comparing mutant means with hSERT (*, P < 0.05 taken as significant).
Fig. 8. Modulation of hSERT and coding variants by phorbol ester. Transfected cells treated with 10 or 100 m M b-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (b-PMA) for 15 min in the presence or absence of the PKC antagonist bisindolylmaleimide (BIM) were assayed for 5-HT transport as described in Materials and Methods. P339L was not tested due to low basal transport activity. Results represent mean values ± SEM of three separate experiments normalized to each mutant’s vehicle-treated control (100%). Data were analyzed using a two-way ANOVA followed by a post hoc Bonferonni test to evaluate differences in PMA effects comparing hSERT with each coding variant (*, P < 0.05 taken as significant). Stauro, staurosporine; BIM-I, bisindolylmaleimide I.
Table 1. Human SERT nonsynonymous variants
|
Nucleotide change in protein sequence |
Location in SERT protein |
Position in exon |
Allele frequency |
Amino acid change |
|
|
A483G |
A10G |
NH2-terminal |
Exon 2 |
1/900 (3) |
Thr4Ala (3) |
|
G640C |
G167C |
NH2-terminal |
Exon 2 |
5/114 (2) 4/900 (3) |
Gly56Ala (2, 3) |
|
G1074A |
G643A |
ECL2 |
Exon 4 |
1/900 (3) |
Glu215Lys (3) |
|
C1999A |
C763A |
TM4 |
Exon 5 |
1/200(Dep) (1) |
Leu255Met (1) |
|
C262T |
C878T |
TM5 |
Exon 6 |
1/900 (3) |
Ser293Phe (3) |
|
C767T |
C1016T |
TM6 |
Exon 7 |
1/900 (3) |
Pro339Leu (3) |
|
C258A |
C1084A |
TM7 |
Exon 8 |
1/900 (3) |
Leu362Met (3) |
|
A318G |
A1273G |
TM8 |
Exon 9 |
1/900 (3), 2/60(OCD) (4) |
Ile425Val (3, 4) |
|
A469C |
A1815C |
COOH-terminal |
Exon 13 |
1/114 (2); 1/900 (3) |
Lys605Asn (2, 3) |
|
C274T |
C1861T |
COOH-terminal |
Exon 14 |
1/900 (3) |
Pro621Ser (3) |
NCBI, National Center for Biotechnology Information; ECL, extracellular loop; TM, transmembrane domain; Dep, depression; OCD, obsessive-compulsive disorder.
1. Di Bella, D., Catalano, M., Balling, U., Smeraldi, E. & Lesch, K. P. (1996) Am. J. Med. Genet. 67, 541-545.
2. Cargill, M., Altshuler, D., Ireland, J., Sklar, P., Ardlie, K., Patil, N., Lane, C. R., Lim, E. P., Kalayanaraman, N., Nemesh, J., et al. (1999) Nat. Genet. 22, 231-238.
3. Glatt, C. E., DeYoung, J. A., Delgado, S., Service, S. K., Giacomini, K. M., Edwards, R. H., Risch, N. & Freimer, N. B. (2001) Nat. Genet. 27, 435-438.
4. Ozaki, N., Goldman, D., Kaye, W. H., Plotnicov, K., Greenberg, B. D., Lappalainen, J., Rudnick, G. & Murphy, D. L. (2003) Mol. Psychiatry 8, 895, 933-936.
Table 2. Sequence conservation at sites of human SERT-coding variants
|
|
Thr4 |
Gly56 |
Glu215 |
Leu255 |
Ser293 |
Pro339 |
Leu362 |
Ile425 |
Lys605 |
Pro621 |
|
hSERT |
T |
G |
E |
L |
S |
P |
L |
I |
K |
P |
|
rSERT |
T |
G |
Q |
L |
S |
P |
L |
I |
K |
P |
|
mSERT |
T |
G |
Q |
L |
S |
P |
L |
I |
K |
P |
|
gpSERT |
T |
G |
E |
L |
S |
P |
L |
I |
K |
P |
|
bovSERT |
T |
G |
E |
L |
L |
P |
L |
I |
K |
P |
|
dSERT |
S |
T |
E |
L |
I |
P |
L |
I |
R |
V |
|
ceSERT |
W |
H |
D |
M |
S |
P |
V |
F |
Y |
S |
|
hNET |
A |
L |
L |
L |
F |
A |
L |
V |
W |
I |
|
hDAT |
S |
T |
G |
L |
T |
V |
I |
V |
R |
V |
|
hGAT1 |
S |
T |
T |
V |
R |
V |
A |
L |
Y |
I |
hSERT, human SERT; rSERT, rat ; mSERT, mouse; gpSERT, guinea pig; bovSERT, bovine; dSERT, Drosophila melanogaster; ceSERT, Caenorhabditis elegans; hNET, human norepinephrine transporter; hDAT, human dopamine transporter; hGAT1, human GABA transporter type 1.
Table 3. Pharmacological sensitivities of human SERT-coding variants
|
hSERT variant |
Citalopram |
Fluoxetine |
Cocaine |
|
hSERT |
3.8 ± 1.4 |
21 ± 7 |
345 ± 57 |
|
T4A |
4.7 ± 1.9 |
46 ± 16 |
468 ± 22 |
|
G56A |
8.9 ± 2.8 |
61 ± 24 |
2158 ± 394* |
|
E215K |
5.2 ± 2.7 |
28 ± 13 |
543 ± 149 |
|
L255M |
12.3 ± 1.2* |
68 ± 6 |
1852 ± 41* |
|
S293F |
11.1 ± 4.5 |
40 ± 15 |
1603 ± 398* |
|
P339L |
13.4 ± 5.3* |
132 ± 72* |
3787 ± 981* |
|
L362M |
6.9 ± 3.1 |
46 ± 13 |
1700 ± 665* |
|
I425V |
16.5 ± 6.4* |
23 ± 10 |
1188 ± 383 |
|
K605N |
5.7 ± 2.2 |
37 ± 15 |
1567 ± 480* |
|
P621S |
3.6 ± 1.7 |
29 ± 5 |
802 ± 232 |
Ki values (nM ± SEM) were determined from three or more separate SERT uptake inhibition assays. *, P < 0.05, one-way ANOVA with a post hoc Dunnett’s test comparing variant with hSERT for the same compound.
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