Yields, kg/ha (% increase)

ANOVA

Crop

Cropping system

2003

2004

2005

2006

Variable

F

P

Grain

M(C)

14,635 ± 1,718^b (0)

10,398 ± 1,647^b (0)

15,226 ± 2,191^b (0)

10,992 ± 682^b (0)

C

54.1

<0.0001

M&F(C)

19,033 ± 703^a (30)

15,268 ± 1,367^a (47)

22,233 ± 1,594^a (46)

19,088 ± 371^a (74)

Y

25.2

<0.0001

M&F(R)

17,188 ± 1,887^ab (17)

15,275 ± 704^a (47)

21,084 ± 1,288^a (38)

15,906 ± 2,700^a (45)

C·Y

1.5

0.2133

F(C)

3,313 ± 169^a (0)

5,112 ± 204^b (0)

5,737 ± 282^a (0)

3,000 ± 834^a (0)

C

9.6

0.0010

M&F(C)

3,513 ± 49^a (6)

6,720 ± 400^ab (31)

6,745 ± 1456^a (18)

3,988 ± 804^a (33)

Y

48.2

<0.0001

M&F(R)

3,414 ± 177^a (3)

8,669 ± 778^a (71)

7,243 ± 563^a (26)

3,539 ± 256^a (18)

C·Y

2.9

0.0308

Above-ground biomass

M(C)

28,546 ± 2,300^c (0)

23,763 ± 5,460^b (0)

32,286 ± 6,193^b (0)

23,077 ± 1,983^b (0)

C

53.9

<0.0001

M&F(C)

34,951 ± 545^a (22)

33,734 ± 3,977^a (42)

51,452 ± 3,371^a (59)

39,837 ± 1,550^a (73)

Y

31.2

<0.0001

M&F(R)

31,749 ± 485^b (11)

33,382 ± 3,415^a (40)

46,777 ± 1,207^a (45)

36,046 ± 4,221^a (56)

C·Y

3.0

0.0254

F(C)

7,754 ± 1,091^a (0)

13,300 ± 810^b (0)

12,509 ± 2,015^b (0)

7,954 ± 2,214^a (0)

C

9.0

0.0014

M&F(C)

8,586 ± 681^a (11)

18,728 ± 1,793^a (41)

12,563 ± 2,917^b (0)

10,759 ± 2,100^a (35)

Y

64.0

<0.0001

M&F(R)

7,695 ± 658^a (-1)

20,805 ± 761^a (56)

15,122 ± 1,993^ab (21)

8,391 ± 1,169^a (5)

C·Y

4.3

0.0053