Diffusion-controlled metabolism for long-term survival of single isolated microorganisms trapped within ice crystals

Rohde et al. 10.1073/pnas.0708183104.

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SI Table 1

SI Table 2

Table 1. Diffusion coefficients of gases in ice

 

 

Compound	Dg at -10ºC, m2 s-1	Dg at Tlow, m2 s-1	Tlow, ºC	Ref.
H2	1 ´ 10-8			1
He	1 ´ 10-9	3.5 ´ 10-10	-32	2
Ne	10-10			2
Ar	10-11			2
O2	5 ´ 10-13			3
N2	2 ´ 10-13			3
H2S	~10-14			*
CO2	10-14	1.9 ´ 10-15	-32	5
CO2		~10-15	-20	6
HCHO		8 ´ 10-15	-15	7
H2O	1.5 ´ 10-15			8
HCl	3 ´ 10-16	1 ´ 10-16	-25	9
HNO3	1.6 ´ 10-14	2 ´ 10-15	-35	10
HF	10-11			11
HF		2 ´ 10-12	-30	12
CH4	~10-14			*
NH3	~10-14			*
NH3		6 ´ 10-15	-32	13
CO	~2 ´ 10-14			*

1. Strauss HL, Chen Z, Loong C-K (1994) J Chem Phys 101:7177-7180.

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4. Gavezzotti A (1983) J Am Chem Soc 105:5220-5225.

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Table 2. Equilibrium concentration of gases dissolved in ice

 

Molecule	Equil. Conc. at -10º (mole mole-1 MPa-1)	Equil. Conc. at -40º (mole mole-1 MPa-1)	Ref.
H2	10-5		1
He	2.7 ´ 10-5		1
H2O	9 ´ 10-6	1.5 ´ 10-7	2
Ne	3.6 ´ 10-6		1
N2	1.8 ´ 10-7		1
O2	2.6 ´ 10-7		1
CO2	8 ´ 10-10		3
CO2	8 ´ 10-9		4
H2O2	10-9		5

1. Ikeda T, Salamatin AN, Lipenkov VYa, Hondoh T (2000) in Physics of Ice Core Records, ed Hondoh T (Hokkaido Univ Press, Sapporo, Japan), pp 393-421.

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3. Uchida T, Hondoh T (2000) in Physics of Ice Core Records, ed Hondoh T (Hokkaido Univ Press, Sapporo, Japan), pp 423-457.

4. Siegenthaler U, Monnin E, Kawamura K, Spahni R, Schwander J, Stauffer B, Stocker T, Barnola J-M, Fischer H (2005) Tellus 57B:51-57.

5. Sigg A, Staffelbach T, Neftel A (1992) J Atmos Chem 14:223-232.

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