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APPLIED BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
Wolbachia-induced cytoplasmic incompatibility as a means for insect pest population control

Sofia Zabalou ^*, , Markus Riegler ^, , Marianna Theodorakopoulou ^¶, Christian Stauffer , Charalambos Savakis ^*, ||, and Kostas Bourtzis ^||, **, 

^*Department of Medical Sciences, Medical School, and ^¶Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion 711 10, Crete, Greece; Technological Educational Institute of Crete, Heraklion 711 10, Crete, Greece; Institute of Forest Entomology, Forest Pathology and Forest Protection, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, BOKU, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria; Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Queensland, St. Lucia QLD 4072, Australia; ^||Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology, Hellas, Vassilika Vouton, P.O. Box 1527, Heraklion 711 10, Crete, Greece; and ^**Department of Environmental and Natural Resources Management, University of Ioannina, 2 Seferi Steet, Agrinio 30100, Greece

Edited by John H. Law, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, and approved September 9, 2004 (received for review May 31, 2004)

Biological control is the purposeful introduction of parasites, predators, and pathogens to reduce or suppress pest populations. Wolbachia are inherited bacteria of arthropods that have recently attracted attention for their potential as new biocontrol agents. Wolbachia manipulate host reproduction by using several strategies, one of which is cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) [Stouthamer, R., Breeuwer, J. A. J. & Hurst, G. D. D. (1999) Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 53, 71–102]. We established Wolbachia-infected lines of the medfly Ceratitis capitata using the infected cherry fruit fly Rhagoletis cerasi as donor. Wolbachia induced complete CI in the novel host. Laboratory cage populations were completely suppressed by single releases of infected males, suggesting that Wolbachia-induced CI could be used as a novel environmentally friendly tool for the control of medfly populations. The results also encourage the introduction of Wolbachia into pest and vector species of economic and hygenic relevance to suppress or modify natural populations.

Abbreviations: CI, cytoplasmic incompatibility; EM, embryonic mortality.

To whom correspondence should be sent at the ** address. E-mail: kbourtz{at}cc.uoi.gr.

© 2004 by The National Academy of Sciences of the USA

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