Synthetic ecosystems based on airborne inter- and intrakingdom communication

doi:10.1073/pnas.0701382104

Synthetic ecosystems based on airborne inter- and intrakingdom communication

*Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Eidgenössiche Technische Hochschule, HCI F 115, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland; and
^†Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Département Génie Biologique, F-69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France

Edited by Charles R. Cantor, Sequenom, Inc., San Diego, CA, and approved April 25, 2007 (received for review February 14, 2007)

Abstract

Intercellular communication within an organism, between populations, or across species and kingdoms forms the basis of many ecosystems in which organisms coexist through symbiotic, parasitic, or predator–prey relationships. Using multistep airborne communication and signal transduction, we present synthetic ecosystems within a mammalian cell population, in mice, or across species and kingdoms. Inter- and intrakingdom communication was enabled by using sender cells that produce volatile aldehydes, small vitamin-derived molecules, or antibiotics that diffuse, by gas or liquid phase, to receiver cells and induce the expression of specific target genes. Intercellular and cross-kingdom communication was shown to enable quorum sensing between and among mammalian cells, bacteria, yeast, and plants, resulting in precise spatiotemporal control of IFN-β production. Interconnection of bacterial, yeast, and mammalian cell signaling enabled the construction of multistep signal transduction and processing networks as well as the design of synthetic ecosystems that mimic fundamental coexistence patterns in nature, including symbiosis, parasitism, and oscillating predator–prey interactions.

Footnotes

^‡To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: fussenegger{at}chem.ethz.ch
Author contributions: W.W., M.D.-E.B., and M.F. designed research; W.W. and M.D.-E.B. performed research; W.W. and M.F. analyzed data; and W.W. and M.F. wrote the paper.
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
This article is a PNAS Direct Submission.
This article contains supporting information online at www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/0701382104/DC1.
Abbreviations:

SEAP,

secreted alkaline phosphatase;

AT&T,

airborne transmission of transcription;

YPD,

yeast extract/peptone/dextrose;

ES,

E-streptavidin;

BLA,

β-lactamase;

sBLA,

secreted mammalian BLA;

ADH,

alcohol dehydrogenase;

BTD,

biotinidase.
Freely available online through the PNAS open access option.