The crystal structure and dimerization interface of GADD45γ

^†Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Council Canada, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montreal, QC, Canada H4P 2R2; and
^‡Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada H3A 2B2

Edited by Gregory A. Petsko, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, and approved March 6, 2008 (received for review January 14, 2008)

Abstract

Gadd45 proteins are recognized as tumor and autoimmune suppressors whose expression can be induced by genotoxic stresses. These proteins are involved in cell cycle control, growth arrest, and apoptosis through interactions with a wide variety of binding partners. We report here the crystal structure of Gadd45γ, which reveals a fold comprising an αβα sandwich with a central five-stranded mixed β-sheet with α-helices packed on either side. Based on crystallographic symmetry we identified the dimer interface of Gadd45γ dimers by generating point mutants that compromised dimerization while leaving the tertiary structure of the monomer intact. The dimer interface comprises a four-helix bundle involving residues that are the most highly conserved among Gadd45 isoforms. Cell-based assays using these point mutants demonstrate that dimerization is essential for growth inhibition. This structural information provides a new context for evaluation of the plethora of protein–protein interactions that govern the many functions of the Gadd45 family of proteins.

Footnotes

^§To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: joe.schrag{at}nrc-cnrc.gc.ca
Author contributions: J.D.S., S.J., and M.L.J. designed research; J.D.S., S.J., and M.B. performed research; S.J. and M.B. contributed new reagents/analytic tools; J.D.S., S.J., M.B., and M.L.J. analyzed data; and J.D.S., S.J., M.L.J., and M.D.O.-M. wrote the paper.
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
This article is a PNAS Direct Submission.
Data deposition: The atomic coordinates and structure factors have been deposited in the Protein Data Bank, www.pdb.org (PDB ID code 3CG6).
This article contains supporting information online at www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/0800086105/DCSupplemental.