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Vol. 95, Issue 24, 14238-14243, November 24, 1998 (speciation/gene trees)
* Max-Planck-Institut für Biologie, Abteilung Immungenetik,
Corrensstrasse 42, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany; and
Communicated by Masatoshi Nei, Pennsylvania State University,
University Park, PA, September 23, 1998 (received for review June 8, 1998)
Phylogenetic trees for groups of closely related species often have
different topologies, depending on the genes used. One explanation for
the discordant topologies is the persistence of polymorphisms through
the speciation phase, followed by differential fixation of alleles in
the resulting species. The existence of transspecies polymorphisms has
been documented for alleles maintained by balancing selection but not
for neutral alleles. In the present study, transspecific persistence of
neutral polymorphisms was tested in the endemic haplochromine species
flock of Lake Victoria cichlid fish. Putative noncoding region
polymorphisms were identified at four randomly selected nuclear loci
and tested on a collection of 12 Lake Victoria species and their
putative riverine ancestors. At all loci, the same polymorphism was
found to be present in nearly all the tested species, both lacustrine
and riverine. Different polymorphisms at these loci were found in
cichlids of other East African lakes (Malawi and Tanganyika). The Lake
Victoria polymorphisms must have therefore arisen after the flocks now
inhabiting the three great lakes diverged from one another, but before
the riverine ancestors of the Lake Victoria flock colonized the Lake.
Calculations based on the mtDNA clock suggest that the polymorphisms
have persisted for about 1.4 million years. To maintain neutral
polymorphisms for such a long time, the population size must have
remained large throughout the entire period.
Copyright © 1998 by The National Academy of Sciences 0027-8424/98/9514238-6$2.00/0
Evolution
Persistence of neutral polymorphisms in Lake Victoria cichlid
fish
, and
Department of Biosystems Science, Graduate University for
Advanced Studies, Hayama, Kanagawa 240-01, Japan
To whom reprint requests should be addressed. e-mail:
jan.klein{at}tuebingen.mpg.de.
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