Impact of anthropogenic atmospheric nitrogen and sulfur deposition on ocean acidification and the inorganic carbon system
- Scott C. Doney*,†,
- Natalie Mahowald‡,
- Ivan Lima*,
- Richard A. Feely§,
- Fred T. Mackenzie¶,
- Jean-Francois Lamarque‖, and
- Phil J. Rasch‡
- *Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 266 Woods Hole Road, Woods Hole, MA 02543;
- ‡Divisions of Climate and Global Dynamics and
- ‖Atmospheric Chemistry, National Center for Atmospheric Research, 1850 Table Mesa Drive, Boulder, CO 80303;
- §Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115-6349; and
- ¶Department of Oceanography, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 100 Pope Road, Honolulu, HI 96822
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Edited by Michael L. Bender, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, and approved July 9, 2007 (received for review March 9, 2007)
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Fig. 1.Model-estimated anthropogenic (1990–2000 minus preindustrial) atmospheric deposition fluxes for carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur (mol·m−2·y−1); alkalinity; and potential alkalinity, assuming complete nitrification of NH4 + + NH3 (eq·m−2·y−1).
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Fig. 2.Perturbations to simulated global vertical profiles due to 10 years of anthropogenic atmospheric nitrogen and sulfur deposition. (Upper) Alkalinity (solid lines) and DIC (dashed lines). (Lower) NO3 − (solid lines) and NH4 + (dashed lines). Case 1 is forced with alkalinity flux from Fig. 1, case 2 with the potential alkalinity flux (assuming complete nitrification), and case 3 with alkalinity and nitrogen fluxes allowing for biological feedbacks.
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Fig. 3.Perturbation maps of simulated surface water pH, DIC, and total alkalinity trends and air–sea CO2 flux due to anthropogenic atmospheric nitrogen and sulfur deposition.
Footnotes
- †To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: sdoney{at}whoi.edu
- © 2007 by The National Academy of Sciences of the USA
