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Collective migration of an epithelial monolayer in response to a model wound

  1. M. Poujade*,
  2. E. Grasland-Mongrain*,
  3. A. Hertzog†,
  4. J. Jouanneau†,
  5. P. Chavrier†,
  6. B. Ladoux‡,
  7. A. Buguin* and
  8. P. Silberzan*§
  1. *Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie (Unité Mixte de Recherche 168), Institut Curie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75248 Paris, France;
  2. †Laboratoire Compartimentation et Dynamique Cellulaires (Unité Mixte de Recherche 144), Institut Curie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, F-75248 Paris, France; and
  3. ‡Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes (Unité Mixte de Recherche 7057), Université Paris 7, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, F-75251 Paris, France

  1. Edited by Robert H. Austin, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, and approved August 8, 2007 (received for review May 30, 2007)

Abstract

Using an original microfabrication-based technique, we experimentally study situations in which a virgin surface is presented to a confluent epithelium with no damage made to the cells. Although inspired by wound-healing experiments, the situation is markedly different from classical scratch wounding because it focuses on the influence of the free surface and uncouples it from the other possible contributions such as cell damage and/or permeabilization. Dealing with Madin–Darby canine kidney cells on various surfaces, we found that a sudden release of the available surface is sufficient to trigger collective motility. This migration is independent of the proliferation of the cells that mainly takes place on the fraction of the surface initially covered. We find that this motility is characterized by a duality between collective and individual behaviors. On the one hand, the velocity fields within the monolayer are very long range and involve many cells in a coordinated way. On the other hand, we have identified very active “leader cells” that precede a small cohort and destabilize the border by a fingering instability. The sides of the fingers reveal a pluricellular actin “belt” that may be at the origin of a mechanical signaling between the leader and the followers. Experiments performed with autocrine cells constitutively expressing hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) or in the presence of exogenous HGF show a higher average velocity of the border and no leader.

Footnotes

  • §To whom correspondence should be addressed at:
    Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, 26 Rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France.
    E-mail: pascal.silberzan{at}curie.fr

  • Author contributions: B.L., A.B., and P.S. designed research; M.P., E.G.-M., A.H., B.L., A.B., and P.S. performed research; M.P., J.J., P.C., B.L., A.B., and P.S. contributed new reagents/analytic tools; M.P., E.G.-M., A.H., and P.S. analyzed data; and P.S. wrote the paper.

  • The authors declare no conflict of interest.

  • This article is a PNAS Direct Submission.

  • See Commentary on page 15970.

  • This article contains supporting information online at www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/0705062104/DC1.

  • Abbreviations:
    HGF,
    hepatocyte growth factor;
    MDCK cell,
    Madin–Darby canine kidney cell;
    PDMS,
    polydimethylsiloxane;
    PIV,
    particle image velocimetry.

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