High-resolution timing of cell cycle-regulated gene expression
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390
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Communicated by Steven L. McKnight, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, June 27, 2007 (received for review February 23, 2007)
Abstract
The eukaryotic cell division cycle depends on an intricate sequence of transcriptional events. Using an algorithm based on maximum-entropy deconvolution, and expression data from a highly synchronized yeast culture, we have timed the peaks of expression of transcriptionally regulated cell cycle genes to an accuracy of 2 min (≈1% of the cell cycle time). The set of 1,129 cell cycle-regulated genes was identified by a comprehensive analysis encompassing all available cell cycle yeast data sets. Our results reveal distinct subphases of the cell cycle undetectable by morphological observation, as well as the precise timeline of macromolecular complex assembly during key cell cycle events.
Footnotes
- *To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail: zo{at}work.swmed.edu, andrzej{at}work.swmed.edu, or maga{at}work.swmed.edu
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Author contributions: M.R. and A.K. contributed equally to this work; M.R., A.K., B.P.T., and Z.O. designed research; M.R., A.K., and Z.O. performed research; M.R., A.K., B.P.T., and Z.O. contributed new reagents/analytic tools; M.R. and A.K. analyzed data; and M.R., A.K., B.P.T., and Z.O. wrote the paper.
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Conflict of interest statement: S.L.M. declares a conflict of interest (such as defined by PNAS policy). “The manuscript titled ‘High-resolution timing of cell cycle-regulated gene expression’ is coauthored by a group of scientists working in the Department of Biochemistry that I chair here at University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center. I am highly familiar with the research because it makes extensive use of data coming from my own laboratory.”
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This article contains supporting information online at www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/0706022104/DC1.
- Abbreviations:
- CCTR,
- cell cycle transcriptionally regulated;
- SPB,
- spindle pole body;
- YMC,
- yeast metabolic cycle.
- © 2007 by The National Academy of Sciences of the USA
