ANOVA explained variance and composition effects of promoter and RBS pairs. (A) Explained variance (as percentages of the sum of squared deviations) for RNA and protein measurements using ANOVA. One pie chart shows partitioned variance for RNA measurements (Left), whereas the other chart shows partitioned variance for protein measurements (Right). “Residual” indicates the unexplained variance in the model. (B) Deviation from expected RNA level is correlated with RBS strength. RBSs are partitioned into five groups based on increasing average translation strength. (C) Free energy of a transcript’s 5′ secondary structure (transcription start site to +30 of superfolder GFP) is correlated with average deviation from the expected protein level. Average deviations are partitioned into six equal ranges. Brackets at the top indicate two-sample Student t tests with P values <2e-5 (**) and <0.02 (*). The box plot displays the median, with hinges indicating the first and third quartiles. Whiskers extend to farthest point within 1.5-fold of the interquartile range, with outliers shown as points.
