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Evening use of light-emitting eReaders negatively affects sleep, circadian timing, and next-morning alertness

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Fig. 1.
Fig. 1.

Representative raster plot of the 14-d study protocol. Black bars indicate the 10:00 PM–6:00 AM sleep episode in darkness. Gray bars denote dim room light (∼3 lx of white light in the angle of gaze; Materials and Methods), and white bars denote typical indoor room light (∼90 lx in the angle of gaze). Striped bars show the constant posture (CP) procedures. Reading sessions are marked either by the LE-eBook or the print-book and symbols. Participants were randomized to the order of reading condition. Ambient room light level for all reading sessions was dim (∼3 lx).

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