Symmetry in chemistry from the hydrogen atom to proteins

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   Figure 1

   Equilibrium rigid structure of water molecule H₂O with point group C_2v.

   
   
2. 

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   Figure 2

   Elliptical Kepler orbit of electron around the nucleus in the hydrogen atom. Runge-Lenz vector is a conserved quantity.

   
   
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   Figure 3

   (a) Literal depiction of molecular model of the two-electron atom. (b) More realistic depiction, with the linear molecular structure a “blob” of charge surrounding the nucleus.

   
   
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   Figure 4

   Precessing perihelion of an orbit that conserves angular momentum but not the Runge-Lenz vector.

   
   
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   Figure 5

   Heuristic picture of electron correlation in which the most favorable configuration maximizes the difference B⃗ = A⃗ ₁ − A⃗ ₂ of Runge-Lenz vectors.

   
   
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   Figure 6

   Supermultiplet rotor-vibrator molecular classification of doubly excited states of He with both electrons excited to n = 3 shell, from ref. 4.