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Communicated by Olga F. Linares, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Republic of Panoma, March 27, 2009 (received for review October 9, 2008)
Abstract
The Waorani may have the highest rate of homicide of any society known to anthropology. We interviewed 121 Waorani elders of both sexes to obtain genealogical information and recollections of raids in which they and their relatives participated. We also obtained complete raiding histories of 95 warriors. An analysis of the raiding histories, marital trajectories, and reproductive histories of these men reveals that more aggressive warriors have lower indices of reproductive success than their milder brethren. This result contrasts the findings of Chagnon [Chagnon N (1988) Science 239:985–992] for the Yanomamo. We suggest that the spacing of revenge raids may be involved in the explanation of why the consequences of aggressiveness differ between these 2 warlike lowland South American peoples.
Footnotes
- 1To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: stv{at}psu.edu
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Author contributions: S.B. and P.I.E. designed research; S.B., P.I.E., J.Y., J.R., L.J., and M.I. performed research; C.S. and K.L. contributed new reagents/analytic tools; P.I.E., C.S., and K.L. analyzed data; and S.B. wrote the paper.
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Life histories, blood revenge, and reproductive success among the Waorani of Ecuador
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