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Contributed by Svante Pääbo, December 11, 2012 (sent for review September 21, 2012)
Abstract
Hominins with morphology similar to present-day humans appear in the fossil record across Eurasia between 40,000 and 50,000 y ago. The genetic relationships between these early modern humans and present-day human populations have not been established. We have extracted DNA from a 40,000-y-old anatomically modern human from Tianyuan Cave outside Beijing, China. Using a highly scalable hybridization enrichment strategy, we determined the DNA sequences of the mitochondrial genome, the entire nonrepetitive portion of chromosome 21 (∼30 Mbp), and over 3,000 polymorphic sites across the nuclear genome of this individual. The nuclear DNA sequences determined from this early modern human reveal that the Tianyuan individual derived from a population that was ancestral to many present-day Asians and Native Americans but postdated the divergence of Asians from Europeans. They also show that this individual carried proportions of DNA variants derived from archaic humans similar to present-day people in mainland Asia.
Footnotes
- ↵1To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail: qiaomei_fu{at}eva.mpg.de or paabo{at}eva.mpg.de.
Author contributions: Q.F., H.A.B., J.K., and S.P. designed research; Q.F. performed research; M.M., X.G., U.S., and H.A.B. contributed new reagents/analytic tools; Q.F., M.M., U.S., J.K., and S.P. analyzed data; and Q.F., M.M., X.G., J.K., and S.P. wrote the paper.
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Data deposition: The sequences reported in this paper have been deposited in the GenBank database (accession no. KC417443) and Sequence Read Archive (accession no. ERP002037).
This article contains supporting information online at www.pnas.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1073/pnas.1221359110/-/DCSupplemental.
Freely available online through the PNAS open access option.
DNA analysis of an early modern human from Asia
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