COMMENTARIES

Michael B. A. Oldstone

Virus-lymphoid cell interactions
PNAS 1996 93: 12756-12758. [Full Text] [PDF]  

COLLOQUIUM:
Papers from an NAS Colloquium on Science, Technology, and the Economy

Ariel Pakes and Kenneth L. Sokoloff

Science, technology, and economic growth
PNAS 1996 93: 12655-12657. [Full Text] [PDF]  

Adam B. Jaffe

Trends and patterns in research and development expenditures in the United States
PNAS 1996 93: 12658-12663. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

James Adams and Zvi Griliches

Measuring science: An exploration
PNAS 1996 93: 12664-12670. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Adam B. Jaffe and Manuel Trajtenberg

Flows of knowledge from universities and federal laboratories: Modeling the flow of patent citations over time and across institutional and geographic boundaries
PNAS 1996 93: 12671-12677. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Linda R. Cohen and Roger G. Noll

The future of the national laboratories
PNAS 1996 93: 12678-12685. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Naomi R. Lamoreaux and Kenneth L. Sokoloff

Long-term change in the organization of inventive activity
PNAS 1996 93: 12686-12692. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Keith Pavitt

National policies for technical change: Where are the increasing returns to economic research?
PNAS 1996 93: 12693-12700. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Mark McClellan

Are the returns to technological change in health care declining?
PNAS 1996 93: 12701-12708. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Lynne G. Zucker and Michael R. Darby

Star scientists and institutional transformation: Patterns of invention and innovation in the formation of the biotechnology industry
PNAS 1996 93: 12709-12716. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Alan M. Garber and Paul M. Romer

Evaluating the federal role in financing health-related research
PNAS 1996 93: 12717-12724. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Iain Cockburn and Rebecca Henderson

Public-private interaction in pharmaceutical research
PNAS 1996 93: 12725-12730. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Steven Berry, Samuel Kortum, and Ariel Pakes

Environmental change and hedonic cost functions for automobiles
PNAS 1996 93: 12731-12738. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Douglas A. Irwin and Peter J. Klenow

Sematech: Purpose and Performance
PNAS 1996 93: 12739-12742. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Richard Zeckhauser

The challenge of contracting for technological information
PNAS 1996 93: 12743-12748. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Richard J. Gilbert and Carl Shapiro

An economic analysis of unilateral refusals to license intellectual  property
PNAS 1996 93: 12749-12755. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

PHYSICAL SCIENCES
Chemistry

David H. Live, R. Ajay Kumar, Xenia Beebe, and Samuel J. Danishefsky

Conformational influences of glycosylation of a peptide: A possible model for the effect of glycosylation on the rate of protein folding
PNAS 1996 93: 12759-12761. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Mathematics

Liming Ge

Prime factors
PNAS 1996 93: 12762-12763. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

SOCIAL SCIENCES
Economic Sciences

James J. Heckman, Hidehiko Ichimura, Jeffrey Smith, and Petra Todd

Sources of selection bias in evaluating social programs: An interpretation of conventional measures and evidence on the effectiveness of matching as a program evaluation method
PNAS 1996 93: 13416-13420. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Kevin A. McCabe, Stephen J. Rassenti, and Vernon L. Smith INAUGURAL ARTICLE by a Recently Elected Academy Member: Game theory and reciprocity in some extensive form experimental games PNAS 1996 93: 13421-13428. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
Agricultural Sciences

Dominik Hainzl and John E. Casida

Fipronil insecticide: Novel photochemical desulfinylation with retention of neurotoxicity
PNAS 1996 93: 12764-12767. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Applied Biological Sciences

Maliyakal E. John and Greg Keller

Metabolic pathway engineering in cotton: Biosynthesis of polyhydroxybutyrate in fiber cells
PNAS 1996 93: 12768-12773. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Biochemistry

Yves Bourne, Susan M. Redford, Howard M. Steinman, James R. Lepock, John A. Tainer, and Elizabeth D. Getzoff

Novel dimeric interface and electrostatic recognition in bacterial Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase
PNAS 1996 93: 12774-12779. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Lita Freeman, Hitoshi Kurumizaka, and Alan P. Wolffe

Functional domains for assembly of histones H3 and H4 into the chromatin of Xenopus embryos
PNAS 1996 93: 12780-12785. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Mariken H. J. Jacobs, Tiemen van der Heide, Arnold J. M. Driessen, and Wil N. Konings

Glutamate transport in Rhodobacter sphaeroides is mediated by a novel binding protein-dependent secondary transport system
PNAS 1996 93: 12786-12790. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Peter G. Debrunner, Annette F. Dexter, Charles E. Schulz, Yao-Min Xia, and Lowell P. Hager INAUGURAL ARTICLE by a Recently Elected Academy Member: Mössbauer and electron paramagnetic resonance studies of chloroperoxidase following mechanism-based inactivation with allylbenzene PNAS 1996 93: 12791-12798. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Ingrid Emerit, Frédéric Garban, Jany Vassy, Arlette Levy, Paulo Filipe, and Joao Freitas

Superoxide-mediated clastogenesis and anticlastogenic effects of exogenous superoxide dismutase
PNAS 1996 93: 12799-12804. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Nils G. Walter, Petra Schwille, and Manfred Eigen

Fluorescence correlation analysis of probe diffusion simplifies quantitative pathogen detection by PCR
PNAS 1996 93: 12805-12810. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Frank Oehlenschläger, Petra Schwille, and Manfred Eigen

Detection of HIV-1 RNA by nucleic acid sequence-based amplification combined with fluorescence correlation spectroscopy
PNAS 1996 93: 12811-12816. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Edward J. Licitra and Jun O. Liu

A three-hybrid system for detecting small ligand-protein receptor interactions
PNAS 1996 93: 12817-12821. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Anthony J. Berdis, Patrice Soumillion, and Stephen J. Benkovic

The carboxyl terminus of the bacteriophage T4 DNA polymerase is required for holoenzyme complex formation
PNAS 1996 93: 12822-12827. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Ying Yuan and Clifton E. Barry III

A common mechanism for the biosynthesis of methoxy and cyclopropyl mycolic acids in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
PNAS 1996 93: 12828-12833. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Andrew C. Jamieson, Hongming Wang, and Sung-Hou Kim

A zinc finger directory for high-affinity DNA recognition
PNAS 1996 93: 12834-12839. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Halina Sierakowska, Maria J. Sambade, Sudhir Agrawal, and Ryszard Kole

Repair of thalassemic human -globin mRNA in mammalian cells by antisense oligonucleotides
PNAS 1996 93: 12840-12844. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Wen-Ming Yang, Carla Inouye, Yingying Zeng, David Bearss, and Edward Seto

Transcriptional repression by YY1 is mediated by interaction with a mammalian homolog of the yeast global regulator RPD3
PNAS 1996 93: 12845-12850. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Katrien J. Baeyens, Hendrik L. De Bondt, Arthur Pardi, and Stephen R. Holbrook

A curved RNA helix incorporating an internal loop with G^·A and A^·A non-Watson-Crick base pairing
PNAS 1996 93: 12851-12855. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Naoko Morinaga, Su-Chen Tsai, Joel Moss, and Martha Vaughan

Isolation of a brefeldin A-inhibited guanine nucleotide-exchange protein for ADP ribosylation factor (ARF) 1 and ARF3 that contains a Sec7-like domain
PNAS 1996 93: 12856-12860. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Genichi Watanabe, Alan Howe, Richard J. Lee, Chris Albanese, I-Wei Shu, Anthony N. Karnezis, Leonard Zon, John Kyriakis, Kathleen Rundell, and Richard G. Pestell

Induction of cyclin D1 by simian virus 40 small tumor antigen
PNAS 1996 93: 12861-12866. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Kazuo Emoto, Toshihide Kobayashi, Akiko Yamaji, Hiroyuki Aizawa, Ichiro Yahara, Keizo Inoue, and Masato Umeda

Redistribution of phosphatidylethanolamine at the cleavage furrow of dividing cells during cytokinesis
PNAS 1996 93: 12867-12872. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

David A. Steinhauer, Javier Martín, Yi Pu Lin, Stephen A. Wharton, Michael B. A. Oldstone, John J. Skehel, and Don C. Wiley

Studies using double mutants of the conformational transitions in influenza hemagglutinin required for its membrane fusion activity
PNAS 1996 93: 12873-12878. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Jyotsna Ghai, Ronald S. Ostrow, Jakub Tolar, Ronald C. McGlennen, Todd D. Lemke, Diane Tobolt, Zhanjiang Liu, and Anthony J. Faras

The E5 gene product of rhesus papillomavirus is an activator of endogenous Ras and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase in NIH 3T3 cells
PNAS 1996 93: 12879-12884. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Ching-Kang Chen, Thomas Wieland, and Melvin I. Simon

RGS-r, a retinal specific RGS protein, binds an intermediate conformation of transducin and enhances recycling
PNAS 1996 93: 12885-12889. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Esther Bullitt, C. Hal Jones, Robert Striker, Gabriel Soto, Françoise Jacob-Dubuisson, Jerome Pinkner, Mary Jo Wick, Lee Makowski, and Scott J. Hultgren

Development of pilus organelle subassemblies in vitro depends on chaperone uncapping of a beta zipper
PNAS 1996 93: 12890-12895. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Jinsong Cai, Frank Uhlmann, Emma Gibbs, Hernan Flores-Rozas, Chee-Gun Lee, Barbara Phillips, Jeff Finkelstein, Nina Yao, Michael O'Donnell, and Jerard Hurwitz

Reconstitution of human replication factor C from its five subunits in baculovirus-infected insect cells
PNAS 1996 93: 12896-12901. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Ya-Bin Lu, Pillarisetty V. A. L. Ratnakar, Bidyut K. Mohanty, and Deepak Bastia

Direct physical interaction between DnaG primase and DnaB helicase of Escherichia coli is necessary for optimal synthesis of primer RNA
PNAS 1996 93: 12902-12907. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Kim G. Mendelson, Liang-Ru Contois, Sergei G. Tevosian, Roger J. Davis, and K. Eric Paulson

Independent regulation of JNK/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases by metabolic oxidative stress in the liver
PNAS 1996 93: 12908-12913. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Herbert Tschochner

A novel RNA polymerase I-dependent RNase activity that shortens nascent transcripts from the 3 end
PNAS 1996 93: 12914-12919. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Kerry Lee Tucker, Dale Talbot, Min Ae Lee, Heinrich Leonhardt, and Rudolf Jaenisch

Complementation of methylation deficiency in embryonic stem cells by a DNA methyltransferase minigene
PNAS 1996 93: 12920-12925. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Caroline A. Ingle and Sidney R. Kushner

Development of an in vitro mRNA decay system for Escherichia coli: Poly(A) polymerase I is necessary to trigger degradation
PNAS 1996 93: 12926-12931. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Biophysics

A. Bifone, Y.-Q. Song, R. Seydoux, R. E. Taylor, B. M. Goodson, T. Pietrass, T. F. Budinger, G. Navon, and A. Pines

NMR of laser-polarized xenon in human blood
PNAS 1996 93: 12932-12936. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Yuri Tsuda, Hironori Yasutake, Akihiko Ishijima, and Toshio Yanagida

Torsional rigidity of single actin filaments and actin-actin bond breaking force under torsion measured directly by in vitro micromanipulation
PNAS 1996 93: 12937-12942. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Mark S. Spector, Kalpathy R. K. Easwaran, Ghanta Jyothi, Jonathan V. Selinger, Alok Singh, and Joel M. Schnur

Chiral molecular self-assembly of phospholipid tubules: A circular dichroism study
PNAS 1996 93: 12943-12946. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Gustavo Stolovitzky and Guillermo Cecchi

Efficiency of DNA replication in the polymerase chain reaction
PNAS 1996 93: 12947-12952. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Luyu Wang and Enrico Di Cera

Systematic derivation of partition functions for ligand binding to two-dimensional lattices
PNAS 1996 93: 12953-12958. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Alexander Sytnik and Igor Litvinyuk

Energy transfer to a proton-transfer fluorescence probe: Tryptophan to a flavonol in human serum albumin
PNAS 1996 93: 12959-12963. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Li Niu, Raymond W. Vazquez, Georg Nagel, Thomas Friedrich, Ernst Bamberg, Robert E. Oswald, and George P. Hess

Rapid chemical kinetic techniques for investigations of neurotransmitter receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes
PNAS 1996 93: 12964-12968. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Cell Biology

Zoltàn Arany, L. Eric Huang, Richard Eckner, Shoumo Bhattacharya, Chian Jiang, Mark A. Goldberg, H. Franklin Bunn, and David M. Livingston

An essential role for p300/CBP in the cellular response to hypoxia
PNAS 1996 93: 12969-12973. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Mohamed Jaber, Walter J. Koch, Howard Rockman, Bradley Smith, Richard A. Bond, Kathleen K. Sulik, John Ross Jr., Robert J. Lefkowitz, Marc G. Caron, and Bruno Giros

Essential role of -adrenergic receptor kinase 1 in cardiac development and function
PNAS 1996 93: 12974-12979. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Minxiang Gu, Kun Meng, and Philip W. Majerus

The effect of overexpression of the protein tyrosine phosphatase PTPMEG on cell growth and on colony formation in soft agar in COS-7 cells
PNAS 1996 93: 12980-12985. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Cordula Enenkel, Norbert Schülke, and Günter Blobel

Expression in yeast of binding regions of karyopherins  and  inhibits nuclear import and cell growth
PNAS 1996 93: 12986-12991. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Yan Chen, Jean-Jacques Lebrun, and Wylie Vale

Regulation of transforming growth factor - and activin-induced transcription by mammalian Mad proteins
PNAS 1996 93: 12992-12997. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Xiaolan Ma, David W. Ehrhardt, and William Margolin

Colocalization of cell division proteins FtsZ and FtsA to cytoskeletal structures in living Escherichia coli cells by using green fluorescent protein
PNAS 1996 93: 12998-13003. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Christophe Arnoult, Richard A. Cardullo, Jose R. Lemos, and Harvey M. Florman

Activation of mouse sperm T-type Ca²⁺ channels by adhesion to the egg zona pellucida
PNAS 1996 93: 13004-13009. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Developmental Biology

O. Y. Kwon and T. Kono

Production of identical sextuplet mice by transferring metaphase nuclei from four-cell embryos
PNAS 1996 93: 13010-13013. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Laurie A. Milner, Anna Bigas, Raphael Kopan, Carolyn Brashem-Stein, Irwin D. Bernstein, and David I. K. Martin

Inhibition of granulocytic differentiation by mNotch1
PNAS 1996 93: 13014-13019. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Evolution

Daniel J. Perry and Glenn R. Furnier

Pinus banksiana has at least seven expressed alcohol dehydrogenase genes in two linked groups
PNAS 1996 93: 13020-13023. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

David E. K. Ferrier and Michael Akam

Organization of the Hox gene cluster in the grasshopper, Schistocerca gregaria
PNAS 1996 93: 13024-13029. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Luis L. Rodríguez, Walter M. Fitch, and Stuart T. Nichol

Ecological factors rather than temporal factors dominate the evolution of vesicular stomatitis virus
PNAS 1996 93: 13030-13035. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Rafael Zardoya, Ehab Abouheif, and Axel Meyer

Evolutionary analyses of hedgehog and Hoxd-10 genes in fish species closely related to the zebrafish
PNAS 1996 93: 13036-13041. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Bradley Efron, Elizabeth Halloran, and Susan Holmes

Bootstrap confidence levels for phylogenetic trees
PNAS 1996 93: 13429. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Genetics

Rodney S. Nairn, Steven Kazianis, Brenda B. McEntire, Luis Della Coletta, Ronald B. Walter, and Donald C. Morizot

A CDKN2-like polymorphism in Xiphophorus LG V is associated with UV-B-induced melanoma formation in platyfish-swordtail hybrids
PNAS 1996 93: 13042-13047. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Arne Rietsch, Dominique Belin, Nancy Martin, and Jonathan Beckwith

An in vivo pathway for disulfide bond isomerization in Escherichia coli
PNAS 1996 93: 13048-13053. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Steven A. Bullard, Sangkyu Kim, Anne M. Galbraith, and Robert E. Malone

Double strand breaks at the HIS2 recombination hot spot in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
PNAS 1996 93: 13054-13059. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

L. Alison McInnes, Michael A. Escamilla, Susan K. Service, Victor I. Reus, Pedro Leon, Sandra Silva, Eugenia Rojas, Mitzi Spesny, Siamak Baharloo, Kathleen Blankenship, Amy Peterson, David Tyler, Norito Shimayoshi, Christa Tobey, Steven Batki, Sophia Vinogradov, Luis Meza, Alvaro Gallegos, Eduardo Fournier, Lauren B. Smith, Samuel H. Barondes, Lodewijk A. Sandkuijl, and Nelson B. Freimer

A complete genome screen for genes predisposing to severe bipolar disorder in two Costa Rican pedigrees
PNAS 1996 93: 13060-13065. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

George Dimopoulos, Adam Richman, Alessandra della Torre, Fotis C. Kafatos, and Christos Louis

Identification and characterization of differentially expressed cDNAs of the vector mosquito, Anopheles gambiae
PNAS 1996 93: 13066-13071. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

L. B. Russell and W. L. Russell

Spontaneous mutations recovered as mosaics in the mouse specific-locus test
PNAS 1996 93: 13072-13077. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Jayant V. Rajan, Man Wang, Sandra T. Marquis, and Lewis A. Chodosh

Brca2 is coordinately regulated with Brca1 during proliferation and differentiation in mammary epithelial cells
PNAS 1996 93: 13078-13083. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Ari Elson, Yaoqi Wang, Cathie J. Daugherty, Cynthia C. Morton, Fen Zhou, Juanita Campos-Torres, and Philip Leder

Pleiotropic defects in ataxia-telangiectasia protein-deficient mice
PNAS 1996 93: 13084-13089. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Christine T. N. Pham, Debra M. MacIvor, Bruce A. Hug, Jonathan W. Heusel, and Timothy J. Ley

Long-range disruption of gene expression by a selectable marker cassette
PNAS 1996 93: 13090-13095. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Deborah Bell-Pedersen, Mari L. Shinohara, Jennifer J. Loros, and Jay C. Dunlap

Circadian clock-controlled genes isolated from Neurospora crassa are late night- to early morning-specific
PNAS 1996 93: 13096-13101. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Immunology

Rachel Ettinger, Jeffrey L. Browning, Sara A. Michie, Willem van Ewijk, and Hugh O. McDevitt

Disrupted splenic architecture, but normal lymph node development in mice expressing a soluble lymphotoxin- receptor-IgG1 fusion protein
PNAS 1996 93: 13102-13107. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Roland Brock, Karl-Heinz Wiesmüller, Günther Jung, and Peter Walden

Molecular basis for the recognition of two structurally different major histocompatibility complex/peptide complexes by a single T-cell receptor
PNAS 1996 93: 13108-13113. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Elena Sadovnikova and Hans J. Stauss

Peptide-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes restricted by nonself major histocompatibility complex class I molecules: Reagents for tumor immunotherapy
PNAS 1996 93: 13114-13118. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Mizuto Otsuji, Yoshimitsu Kimura, Tomohiko Aoe, Yasuhiro Okamoto, and Takashi Saito

Oxidative stress by tumor-derived macrophages suppresses the expression of CD3  chain of T-cell receptor complex and antigen-specific T-cell responses
PNAS 1996 93: 13119-13124. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

David J. Blackbourn, Carl E. Mackewicz, Edward Barker, Thomas K. Hunt, Brian Herndier, Ashley T. Haase, and Jay A. Levy

Suppression of HIV replication by lymphoid tissue CD8⁺ cells correlates with the clinical state of HIV-infected individuals
PNAS 1996 93: 13125-13130. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Marion Dorsch and Stephen P. Goff

Increased sensitivity to apoptotic stimuli in c-abl-deficient progenitor B-cell lines
PNAS 1996 93: 13131-13136. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Medical Sciences

Tomasz Skorski, Malgorzata Nieborowska-Skorska, Pawel Wlodarski, Danilo Perrotti, Robert Martinez, Mariusz A. Wasik, and Bruno Calabretta

Blastic transformation of p53-deficient bone marrow cells by p210^bcr/abl tyrosine kinase
PNAS 1996 93: 13137-13142. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Sandra J. Darkin-Rattray, Anne M. Gurnett, Robert W. Myers, Paula M. Dulski, Tami M. Crumley, John J. Allocco, Christine Cannova, Peter T. Meinke, Steven L. Colletti, Maria A. Bednarek, Sheo B. Singh, Michael A. Goetz, Anne W. Dombrowski, Jon D. Polishook, and Dennis M. Schmatz

Apicidin: A novel antiprotozoal agent that inhibits parasite histone deacetylase
PNAS 1996 93: 13143-13147. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Sebastian Brandner, Alex Raeber, Andreas Sailer, Thomas Blättler, Marek Fischer, Charles Weissmann, and Adriano Aguzzi

Normal host prion protein (PrP^C) is required for scrapie spread within the central nervous system
PNAS 1996 93: 13148-13151. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Jan Balzarini, Heidi Pelemans, Anna Karlsson, Erik De Clercq, and Jörg-Peter Kleim

Concomitant combination therapy for HIV infection preferable over sequential therapy with 3TC and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
PNAS 1996 93: 13152-13157. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Tao Cheng, Hongmei Shen, Dena Giokas, John Gere, Daniel G. Tenen, and David T. Scadden

Temporal mapping of gene expression levels during the differentiation of individual primary hematopoietic cells
PNAS 1996 93: 13158-13163. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Michele Bernasconi, Andrew Remppis, William J. Fredericks, Frank J. Rauscher III, and Beat W. Schäfer

Induction of apoptosis in rhabdomyosarcoma cells through down-regulation of PAX proteins
PNAS 1996 93: 13164-13169. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Martin Citron, Thekla S. Diehl, Grace Gordon, Anja Leona Biere, Peter Seubert, and Dennis J. Selkoe

Evidence that the 42- and 40-amino acid forms of amyloid  protein are generated from the -amyloid precursor protein by different protease activities
PNAS 1996 93: 13170-13175. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Edward G. Shesely, Nobuyo Maeda, H.-S. Kim, Kaushik M. Desai, John H. Krege, Victor E. Laubach, Paula A. Sherman, William C. Sessa, and Oliver Smithies

Elevated blood pressures in mice lacking endothelial nitric oxide synthase
PNAS 1996 93: 13176-13181. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Dashou Wang, Charlotte Youngson, Veronica Wong, Herman Yeger, Mary C. Dinauer, Eleazar Vega-Saenz de Miera, Bernardo Rudy, and Ernest Cutz

NADPH-oxidase and a hydrogen peroxide-sensitive K⁺ channel may function as an oxygen sensor complex in airway chemoreceptors and small cell lung carcinoma cell lines
PNAS 1996 93: 13182-13187. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Jennifer L. West and Jeffrey A. Hubbell

Separation of the arterial wall from blood contact using hydrogel barriers reduces intimal thickening after balloon injury in the rat: The roles of medial and luminal factors in arterial healing
PNAS 1996 93: 13188-13193. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Jörg Schlender, Jens-Jörg Schnorr, Pius Spielhofer, Toni Cathomen, Roberto Cattaneo, Martin A. Billeter, Volker ter Meulen, and Sibylle Schneider-Schaulies

Interaction of measles virus glycoproteins with the surface of uninfected peripheral blood lymphocytes induces immunosuppression in vitro
PNAS 1996 93: 13194-13199. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Dao W. Wang, Kazuto Yazawa, Alfred L. George Jr., and Paul B. Bennett

Characterization of human cardiac Na⁺ channel mutations in the congenital long QT syndrome
PNAS 1996 93: 13200-13205. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

D. Modiano, V. Petrarca, B. S. Sirima, I. Nebié, D. Diallo, F. Esposito, and M. Coluzzi

Different response to Plasmodium falciparum malaria in West African sympatric ethnic groups
PNAS 1996 93: 13206-13211. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Microbiology

Y. Zhang, S. Dhandayuthapani, and V. Deretic

Molecular basis for the exquisite sensitivity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to isoniazid
PNAS 1996 93: 13212-13216. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Ekkehard Leberer, Doreen Harcus, Ian D. Broadbent, Karen L. Clark, Daniel Dignard, Karl Ziegelbauer, Axel Schmidt, Neil A. R. Gow, Alistair J. P. Brown, and David Y. Thomas

Signal transduction through homologs of the Ste20p and Ste7p protein kinases can trigger hyphal formation in the pathogenic fungus Candida albicans
PNAS 1996 93: 13217-13222. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Julia R. Köhler and Gerald R. Fink

Candida albicans strains heterozygous and homozygous for mutations in mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling components have defects in hyphal development
PNAS 1996 93: 13223-13228. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Neurobiology

Samuel Rossel

Binocular vision in insects: How mantids solve the correspondence problem
PNAS 1996 93: 13229-13232. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Douglas Fambrough, Duojia Pan, Gerald M. Rubin, and Corey S. Goodman INAUGURAL ARTICLE by a Recently Elected Academy Member: The cell surface metalloprotease/disintegrin Kuzbanian is required for axonal extension in Drosophila PNAS 1996 93: 13233-13238. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Cheng-ting Chien, Chwan-Deng Hsiao, Lily Y. Jan, and Yuh Nung Jan

Neuronal type information encoded in the basic-helix-loop-helix domain of proneural genes
PNAS 1996 93: 13239-13244. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Daniel Ulrich and John R. Huguenard

-Aminobutyric acid type B receptor-dependent burst-firing in thalamic neurons: A dynamic clamp study
PNAS 1996 93: 13245-13249. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Mark Mayford, Danny Baranes, Katrina Podsypanina, and Eric R. Kandel

The 3-untranslated region of CaMKII is a cis-acting signal for the localization and translation of mRNA in dendrites
PNAS 1996 93: 13250-13255. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Steve A. N. Goldstein, Laura A. Price, David N. Rosenthal, and Mark H. Pausch

ORK1, a potassium-selective leak channel with two pore domains cloned from Drosophila melanogaster by expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
PNAS 1996 93: 13256-13261. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Holly Soehnge, Xi Huang, Marie Becker, Penn Whitley, Diana Conover, and Michael Stern

A neurotransmitter transporter encoded by the Drosophila inebriated gene
PNAS 1996 93: 13262-13267. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

T. D. Hassinger, P. B. Guthrie, P. B. Atkinson, M. V. L. Bennett, and S. B. Kater

An extracellular signaling component in propagation of astrocytic calcium waves
PNAS 1996 93: 13268-13273. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Gerald D. Maxwell, Kate Reid, Andrew Elefanty, Perry F. Bartlett, and Mark Murphy

Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor promotes the development of adrenergic neurons in mouse neural crest cultures
PNAS 1996 93: 13274-13279. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Andreas Bosio, Erika Binczek, and Wilhelm Stoffel

Functional breakdown of the lipid bilayer of the myelin membrane in central and peripheral nervous systemby disrupted galactocerebroside synthesis
PNAS 1996 93: 13280-13285. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

V. Witzemann, H. Schwarz, M. Koenen, C. Berberich, A. Villarroel, A. Wernig, H. R. Brenner, and B. Sakmann

Acetylcholine receptor -subunit deletion causes muscle weakness and atrophy in juvenile and adult mice
PNAS 1996 93: 13286-13291. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Dai Yanagihara and Ikio Kondo

Nitric oxide plays a key role in adaptive control of locomotion in cat
PNAS 1996 93: 13292-13297. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

George A. Hyatt, Ellen A. Schmitt, James M. Fadool, and John E. Dowling

Retinoic acid alters photoreceptor development in vivo
PNAS 1996 93: 13298-13303. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Paul A. Salin, Massimo Scanziani, Robert C. Malenka, and Roger A. Nicoll

Distinct short-term plasticity at two excitatory synapses in the hippocampus
PNAS 1996 93: 13304-13309. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Michela Matteoli, Claudia Verderio, Ornella Rossetto, Numa Iezzi, Silvia Coco, Giampietro Schiavo, and Cesare Montecucco

Synaptic vesicle endocytosis mediates the entry of tetanus neurotoxin into hippocampal neurons
PNAS 1996 93: 13310-13315. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Isao Inoue, Kazuhiko Yanai, Daisuke Kitamura, Ichiro Taniuchi, Takashi Kobayashi, Kaku Niimura, Takehiko Watanabe, and Takeshi Watanabe

Impaired locomotor activity and exploratory behavior in mice lacking histamine H₁ receptors
PNAS 1996 93: 13316-13320. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Franco Weth, Walter Nadler, and Sigrun Korsching

Nested expression domains for odorant receptors in zebrafish olfactory epithelium
PNAS 1996 93: 13321-13326. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Giampietro Schiavo, Qu-Ming Gu, Glenn D. Prestwich, Thomas H. Söllner, and James E. Rothman

Calcium-dependent switching of the specificity of phosphoinositide binding to synaptotagmin
PNAS 1996 93: 13327-13332. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

David M. Holtzman, Daniela Santucci, Joshua Kilbridge, Jane Chua-Couzens, David J. Fontana, Scott E. Daniels, Randolph M. Johnson, Karen Chen, Yuling Sun, Elaine Carlson, Enrico Alleva, Charles J. Epstein, and William C. Mobley

Developmental abnormalities and age-related neurodegeneration in a mouse model of Down syndrome
PNAS 1996 93: 13333-13338. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

H. S. Seung

How the brain keeps the eyes still
PNAS 1996 93: 13339-13344. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Kinjiro Morimoto, D. Craig Hooper, Annette Bornhorst, Susanne Corisdeo, Michael Bette, Zhen Fang Fu, Martin K.-H. Schäfer, Hilary Koprowski, Eberhard Weihe, and Bernhard Dietzschold

Intrinsic responses to Borna disease virus infection of the central nervous system
PNAS 1996 93: 13345-13350. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Masanobu Kano, Misao Kano, Kohji Fukunaga, and Arthur Konnerth

Ca²⁺-induced rebound potentiation of -aminobutyric acid-mediated currents requires activation of Ca²⁺/calmodulin-dependent kinase II
PNAS 1996 93: 13351-13356. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Pharmacology

Thomas Baukrowitz and Gary Yellen

Two functionally distinct subsites for the binding of internal blockers to the pore of voltage-activated K⁺ channels
PNAS 1996 93: 13357-13361. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Physiology

Claudius Lorenz, Michael Pusch, and Thomas J. Jentsch

Heteromultimeric CLC chloride channels with novel properties
PNAS 1996 93: 13362-13366. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Donald D. F. Loo, Thomas Zeuthen, Grischa Chandy, and Ernest M. Wright

Cotransport of water by the Na⁺/glucose cotransporter
PNAS 1996 93: 13367-13370. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Plant Biology

Takashi Hirayama and Kazuo Shinozaki

A cdc5⁺ homolog of a higher plant, Arabidopsis thaliana
PNAS 1996 93: 13371-13376. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

José F. Gutierrez-Marcos, Michael A. Roberts, Edward I. Campbell, and John L. Wray

Three members of a novel small gene-family from Arabidopsis thaliana able to complement functionally an Escherichia coli mutant defective in PAPS reductase activity encode proteins with a thioredoxin-like domain and "APS reductase" activity
PNAS 1996 93: 13377-13382. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Amit Setya, Michael Murillo, and Thomas Leustek

Sulfate reduction in higher plants: Molecular evidence for a novel 5-adenylylsulfate reductase
PNAS 1996 93: 13383-13388. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Horst Röhrig, Jürgen Schmidt, Richard Walden, Inge Czaja, Helge Lubenow, Ursula Wieneke, Jeff Schell, and Michael John

Convergent pathways for lipochitooligosaccharide and auxin signaling in tobacco cells
PNAS 1996 93: 13389-13392. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Sreeganga Chandra, Gregory B. Martin, and Philip S. Low

The Pto kinase mediates a signaling pathway leading to the oxidative burst in tomato
PNAS 1996 93: 13393-13397. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Irena Lisitsky, Petra Klaff, and Gadi Schuster

Addition of destabilizing poly(A)-rich sequences to endonuclease cleavage sites during the degradation of chloroplast mRNA
PNAS 1996 93: 13398-13403. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Nancy N. Artus, Matsuo Uemura, Peter L. Steponkus, Sarah J. Gilmour, Chentao Lin, and Michael F. Thomashow

Constitutive expression of the cold-regulated Arabidopsis thaliana COR15a gene affects both chloroplast and protoplast freezing tolerance
PNAS 1996 93: 13404-13409. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]  

Population Biology

Claudine Berr, Sylviane Lafont, Brigitte Debuire, Jean-François Dartigues, and Etienne-Emile Baulieu

Relationships of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in the elderly with functional, psychological, and mental status, and short-term mortality: A French community-based study
PNAS 1996 93: 13410-13415. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]