PNAS - RSS feed of Early Edition articles

Natural variation for seed dormancy in Arabidopsis is regulated by additive genetic and molecular pathways [Genetics]

Tue, 09 Feb 2010 09:26:27 PST

Timing of germination is presumably under strong natural selection as it determines the environmental conditions in which a plant germinates...

Forebrain overexpression of CK1{delta} leads to down-regulation of dopamine receptors and altered locomotor activity reminiscent of ADHD [Neuroscience]

Tue, 09 Feb 2010 09:26:26 PST

Dopamine neurotransmission controls motor and perseverative behavior, is mediated by protein phosphorylation, and may be perturbed in disorders of attention...

Paleobiology and the origins of avian flight [Commentary]

Ruben, J. — Tue, 09 Feb 2010 09:26:28 PST

Targeting HIV-1 DNA integration by swapping tethers [Commentary]

Craigie, R. — Tue, 09 Feb 2010 09:26:28 PST

ASK-ing EMT not to spread cancer [Commentary]

Kyprianou, N. — Tue, 09 Feb 2010 09:26:25 PST

Reply to Speijer: Does complexity necessarily arise from selective advantage? [Letter]

Keeling, P. J., Leander, B. S., Lukes, J. — Tue, 09 Feb 2010 10:17:39 PST

Only two amino acids are essential for cytolytic toxin recognition of cholesterol at the membrane surface [Chemistry]

Farrand, A. J., LaChapelle, S., Hotze, E. M., Johnson, A. E., Tweten, R. K. — Tue, 09 Feb 2010 09:26:24 PST

The recognition and binding of cholesterol is an important feature of many eukaryotic, viral, and prokaryotic proteins, but the molecular...

High-risk neuroblastoma tumors with 11q-deletion display a poor prognostic, chromosome instability phenotype with later onset [Medical_Sciences]

Tue, 09 Feb 2010 09:26:25 PST

Analysis of chromosomal aberrations is used to determine the prognosis of neuroblastomas (NBs) and to aid treatment decisions. MYCN amplification...

Constructive neutral evolution cannot explain current kinetoplastid panediting patterns [Letter]

Speijer, D. — Tue, 09 Feb 2010 11:30:46 PST

Abnormal development of the cerebral cortex and cerebellum in the setting of lamin B2 deficiency [Genetics]

Tue, 09 Feb 2010 09:26:26 PST

Nuclear lamins are components of the nuclear lamina, a structural scaffolding for the cell nucleus. Defects in lamins A and...

Fitness flux and ubiquity of adaptive evolution [Evolution]

Mustonen, V., Lassig, M. — Tue, 09 Feb 2010 09:26:24 PST

Natural selection favors fitter variants in a population, but actual evolutionary processes may decrease fitness by mutations and genetic drift....

Correction for How sequence defines structure: A crystallographic map of DNA structure and conformation [Correction]

Mon, 08 Feb 2010 13:19:17 PST

Genome-wide analysis of mRNA targets for Caenorhabditis elegans FBF, a conserved stem cell regulator [Systems_Biology]

Kershner, A. M., Kimble, J. — Mon, 08 Feb 2010 13:19:08 PST

Stem cells are essential for tissue generation during the development of multicellular creatures, and for tissue homeostasis in adults. The...

Mechanism of chromatin remodeling [Biochemistry]

Lorch, Y., Maier-Davis, B., Kornberg, R. D. — Mon, 08 Feb 2010 11:37:13 PST

Results from biochemical and structural studies of the RSC chromatin-remodeling complex prompt a proposal for the remodeling mechanism: RSC binding...

Induction and patterning of trunk and tail neural ectoderm by the homeobox gene eve1 in zebrafish embryos [Developmental_Biology]

Cruz, C., Maegawa, S., Weinberg, E. S., Wilson, S. W., Dawid, I. B., Kudoh, T. — Mon, 08 Feb 2010 13:19:13 PST

In vertebrates, Evx homeodomain transcription factor-encoding genes are expressed in the posterior region during embryonic development, and overexpression experiments have...

Molecular MRI for sensitive and specific detection of lung metastases [Medical_Sciences]

Mon, 08 Feb 2010 13:19:14 PST

Early and specific detection of metastatic cancer cells in the lung (the most common organ targeted by metastases) could significantly...

Regulation of PI3-kinase/Akt signaling by muscle-enriched microRNA-486 [Developmental_Biology]

Mon, 08 Feb 2010 13:19:19 PST

microRNAs (miRNAs) play key roles in modulating a variety of cellular processes through repression of mRNA targets. In a screen...

Correction for Temporomandibular joint formation requires two distinct hedgehog-dependent steps [Correction]

Mon, 08 Feb 2010 13:19:18 PST

Functional cis-regulatory genomics for systems biology [Systems_Biology]

Nam, J., Dong, P., Tarpine, R., Istrail, S., Davidson, E. H. — Mon, 08 Feb 2010 13:19:11 PST

Gene expression is controlled by interactions between trans-regulatory factors and cis-regulatory DNA sequences, and these interactions constitute the essential functional...

Three-dimensional structure of the anthrax toxin pore inserted into lipid nanodiscs and lipid vesicles [Biochemistry]

Mon, 08 Feb 2010 11:37:10 PST

A major goal in understanding the pathogenesis of the anthrax bacillus is to determine how the protective antigen (PA) pore...

The Lucretian swerve: The biological basis of human behavior and the criminal justice system [Neuroscience]

Cashmore, A. R. — Mon, 08 Feb 2010 13:19:15 PST

It is widely believed, at least in scientific circles, that living systems, including mankind, obey the natural physical laws. However,...

Repositioning of an existing drug for the neglected tropical disease Onchocerciasis [Chemistry]

Mon, 08 Feb 2010 11:37:11 PST

Onchocerciasis, or river blindness, is a neglected tropical disease caused by the filarial nematode Onchocerca volvulus that affects more than...

A cell protection screen reveals potent inhibitors of multiple stages of the hepatitis C virus life cycle [Microbiology]

Chockalingam, K., Simeon, R. L., Rice, C. M., Chen, Z. — Mon, 08 Feb 2010 13:19:10 PST

The hepatitis C virus (HCV) life cycle involves multiple steps, but most current drug candidates target only viral replication. The...

BDNF variant Val66Met interacts with estrous cycle in the control of hippocampal function [Neuroscience]

Spencer, J. L., Waters, E. M., Milner, T. A., Lee, F. S., McEwen, B. S. — Mon, 08 Feb 2010 13:19:12 PST

Natural fluctuations in circulating estradiol are associated with behavioral changes, including severe disturbances in mood and cognition in some women....

Construction and genetic selection of small transmembrane proteins that activate the human erythropoietin receptor [Biochemistry]

Mon, 08 Feb 2010 11:37:13 PST

This work describes a genetic approach to isolate small, artificial transmembrane (TM) proteins with biological activity. The bovine papillomavirus E5...

Small-molecule screen identifies reactive oxygen species as key regulators of neutrophil chemotaxis [Cell_Biology]

Mon, 08 Feb 2010 13:19:13 PST

Neutrophil chemotaxis plays an essential role in innate immunity, but the underlying cellular mechanism is still not fully characterized. Here,...

An expedient route to substituted furans via olefin cross-metathesis [Chemistry]

Donohoe, T. J., Bower, J. F. — Mon, 08 Feb 2010 11:37:12 PST

The olefin cross-metathesis (CM) reaction is used extensively in organic chemistry and represents a powerful method for the selective synthesis...

Redox potential of pheophytin a in photosystem II of two cyanobacteria having the different special pair chlorophylls [Plant_Biology]

Mon, 08 Feb 2010 13:19:09 PST

Water oxidation by photosystem (PS) II in oxygenic photosynthetic organisms is a major source of energy on the earth, leading...

Abasic sites and strand breaks in DNA cause transcriptional mutagenesis in Escherichia coli [Genetics]

Clauson, C. L., Oestreich, K. J., Austin, J. W., Doetsch, P. W. — Mon, 08 Feb 2010 13:19:14 PST

DNA damage occurs continuously, and faithful replication and transcription are essential for maintaining cell viability. Cells in nature are not...

Retroviral infection in vivo requires an immune escape virulence factor encrypted in the envelope protein of oncoretroviruses [Microbiology]

Mon, 08 Feb 2010 13:19:17 PST

We previously delineated a highly conserved immunosuppressive (IS) domain within murine and primate retroviral envelope proteins (Envs). The envelope-mediated immunosuppression...

Histidine-mediated RNA transfer to GDP for unique mRNA capping by vesicular stomatitis virus RNA polymerase [Biochemistry]

Ogino, T., Yadav, S. P., Banerjee, A. K. — Mon, 08 Feb 2010 11:37:14 PST

The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase L protein of vesicular stomatitis virus, a prototype of nonsegmented negative-strand (NNS) RNA viruses, forms a...

Atmospheric Chemistry Special Feature: Formation of carcinogens indoors by surface-mediated reactions of nicotine with nitrous acid, leading to potential thirdhand smoke hazards [Environmental_Sciences]

Mon, 08 Feb 2010 11:37:14 PST

This study shows that residual nicotine from tobacco smoke sorbed to indoor surfaces reacts with ambient nitrous acid (HONO) to...

Loss of myeloid cell-derived vascular endothelial growth factor accelerates fibrosis [Medical_Sciences]

Mon, 08 Feb 2010 13:19:07 PST

Tissue injury initiates a complex series of events that act to restore structure and physiological homeostasis. Infiltration of inflammatory cells...

Uridylation of mature miRNAs and siRNAs by the MUT68 nucleotidyltransferase promotes their degradation in Chlamydomonas [Plant_Biology]

Mon, 08 Feb 2010 13:19:20 PST

Regulation of gene expression by small RNAs (~20–30 nucleotides in length) plays an essential role in developmental pathways and defense...

Human strategy updating in evolutionary games [Social_Sciences]

Traulsen, A., Semmann, D., Sommerfeld, R. D., Krambeck, H.-J., Milinski, M. — Mon, 08 Feb 2010 13:19:21 PST

Evolutionary game dynamics describe not only frequency-dependent genetic evolution, but also cultural evolution in humans. In this context, successful strategies...

Amoeboid organism solves complex nutritional challenges [Ecology]

Dussutour, A., Latty, T., Beekman, M., Simpson, S. J. — Mon, 08 Feb 2010 13:19:16 PST

A fundamental question in nutritional biology is how distributed systems maintain an optimal supply of multiple nutrients essential for life...

Centromere-localized breaks indicate the generation of DNA damage by the mitotic spindle [Cell_Biology]

Mon, 08 Feb 2010 13:19:19 PST

Most carcinomas present some form of chromosome instability in combination with spindle defects. Numerical instability is likely caused by spindle...

Atmospheric Chemistry Special Feature: Gas-phase water-mediated equilibrium between methylglyoxal and its geminal diol [Chemistry]

Axson, J. L., Takahashi, K., De Haan, D. O., Vaida, V. — Mon, 08 Feb 2010 11:37:11 PST

In aqueous solution, aldehydes, and to a lesser extent ketones, hydrate to form geminal diols. We investigate the hydration of...

Atmospheric Chemistry Special Feature: In situ measurements of gas/particle-phase transitions for atmospheric semivolatile organic compounds [Chemistry]

Williams, B. J., Goldstein, A. H., Kreisberg, N. M., Hering, S. V. — Mon, 08 Feb 2010 11:37:11 PST

An understanding of the gas/particle-phase partitioning of semivolatile compounds is critical in determining atmospheric aerosol formation processes and growth rates,...

Cross-species analysis traces adaptation of Rubisco toward optimality in a low-dimensional landscape [Biochemistry]

Savir, Y., Noor, E., Milo, R., Tlusty, T. — Mon, 08 Feb 2010 13:19:18 PST

Rubisco (D-ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase), probably the most abundant protein in the biosphere, performs an essential part in the process of...

The structure of the harmonin/sans complex reveals an unexpected interaction mode of the two Usher syndrome proteins [Biochemistry]

Yan, J., Pan, L., Chen, X., Wu, L., Zhang, M. — Mon, 08 Feb 2010 11:37:15 PST

The hereditary hearing-vision loss disease, Usher syndrome I (USH1), is caused by defects in several proteins that can interact with...

The early autophagic pathway is activated by hepatitis B virus and required for viral DNA replication [Microbiology]

Sir, D., Tian, Y., Chen, W.-l., Ann, D. K., Yen, T.-S. B., Ou, J.-h. J. — Mon, 08 Feb 2010 13:19:17 PST

Autophagy is a catabolic process by which cells remove long-lived proteins and damaged organelles for recycling. Viral infections may also...

Molecular complexity of successive bacterial epidemics deconvoluted by comparative pathogenomics [Microbiology]

Mon, 08 Feb 2010 13:19:14 PST

Understanding the fine-structure molecular architecture of bacterial epidemics has been a long-sought goal of infectious disease research. We used short-read-length...

Targeted metabolic labeling of yeast N-glycans with unnatural sugars [Genetics]

Mon, 08 Feb 2010 11:37:16 PST

Metabolic labeling of glycans with synthetic sugar analogs has emerged as an attractive means for introducing nonnatural chemical functionality into...

Stem cell-specific activation of an ancestral myc protooncogene with conserved basic functions in the early metazoan Hydra [Biochemistry]

Mon, 08 Feb 2010 11:37:13 PST

The c-myc protooncogene encodes a transcription factor (Myc) with oncogenic potential. Myc and its dimerization partner Max are bHLH-Zip DNA...

Ultrahigh-throughput screening in drop-based microfluidics for directed evolution [Engineering]

Mon, 08 Feb 2010 11:37:17 PST

The explosive growth in our knowledge of genomes, proteomes, and metabolomes is driving ever-increasing fundamental understanding of the biochemistry of...

A developmental framework for endodermal differentiation and polarity [Plant_Biology]

Alassimone, J., Naseer, S., Geldner, N. — Mon, 08 Feb 2010 13:19:20 PST

The endodermis is a root cell layer common to higher plants and of fundamental importance for root function and nutrient...

Mature dendritic cells use endocytic receptors to capture and present antigens [Immunology]

Mon, 08 Feb 2010 13:19:08 PST

In response to inflammatory stimuli, dendritic cells (DCs) trigger the process of maturation, a terminal differentiation program required to initiate...

Amygdala damage eliminates monetary loss aversion [Economic_Sciences]

De Martino, B., Camerer, C. F., Adolphs, R. — Mon, 08 Feb 2010 13:19:11 PST

Losses are a possibility in many risky decisions, and organisms have evolved mechanisms to evaluate and avoid them. Laboratory and...

Thalamic deactivation at sleep onset precedes that of the cerebral cortex in humans [Neuroscience]

Mon, 08 Feb 2010 13:19:10 PST

Thalamic and cortical activities are assumed to be time-locked throughout all vigilance states. Using simultaneous intracortical and intrathalamic recordings, we...

Nitrate-responsive miR393/AFB3 regulatory module controls root system architecture in Arabidopsis thaliana [Plant_Biology]

Mon, 08 Feb 2010 13:19:08 PST

One of the most striking examples of plant developmental plasticity to changing environmental conditions is the modulation of root system...

Structural basis for the cooperative interplay between the two causative gene products of combined factor V and factor VIII deficiency [Biochemistry]

Mon, 08 Feb 2010 11:37:10 PST

Combined deficiency of coagulation factors V and VIII (F5F8D), an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by coordinate reduction in the plasma...

Multilocus tetrasomic linkage analysis using hidden Markov chain model [Genetics]

Leach, L. J., Wang, L., Kearsey, M. J., Luo, Z. — Mon, 08 Feb 2010 13:19:20 PST

The availability of reliable genetic linkage maps is crucial for functional and evolutionary genomic analyses. Established theory and methods of...

Indirect land-use changes can overcome carbon savings from biofuels in Brazil [Environmental_Sciences-BS]

Mon, 08 Feb 2010 13:19:11 PST

The planned expansion of biofuel plantations in Brazil could potentially cause both direct and indirect land-use changes (e.g., biofuel plantations...

Genetic approach for intracerebroventricular delivery [Neuroscience]

Regev, L., Ezrielev, E., Gershon, E., Gil, S., Chen, A. — Mon, 08 Feb 2010 13:19:15 PST

Administration of synthetic or purified peptides directly into the brain ventricles is a method commonly used by neuroscientists for exploring...

Heterospecies partition analysis reveals binding curve and stoichiometry of protein interactions in living cells [Biophysics_And_Computational_Biology]

Wu, B., Chen, Y., Muller, J. D. — Mon, 08 Feb 2010 11:37:09 PST

Measuring the binding curve and stoichiometry of protein complexes in living cells is a prerequisite for quantitative modeling of cellular...

Independent initiation of primary electron transfer in the two branches of the photosystem I reaction center [Biophysics_And_Computational_Biology]

Muller, M. G., Slavov, C., Luthra, R., Redding, K. E., Holzwarth, A. R. — Mon, 08 Feb 2010 11:37:09 PST

Photosystem I (PSI) is a large pigment-protein complex that unites a reaction center (RC) at the core with ~100 core...

Membrane-anchored serine protease matriptase regulates epithelial barrier formation and permeability in the intestine [Cell_Biology]

Mon, 08 Feb 2010 13:19:12 PST

The intestinal epithelium serves as a major protective barrier between the mammalian host and the external environment. Here we show...

Intrinsic reactivity and driving force dependence in concerted proton-electron transfers to water illustrated by phenol oxidation [Chemistry]

Bonin, J., Costentin, C., Louault, C., Robert, M., Routier, M., Saveant, J.-M. — Fri, 05 Feb 2010 09:05:44 PST

Three experimental techniques, laser flash photolysis, redox catalysis, and stopped-flow, were used to investigate the variation of the oxidation rate...

The photonic "smart grid" of the chloroplast in action [Commentary]

Kramer, D. M. — Fri, 05 Feb 2010 09:59:13 PST

Complete HOX cluster characterization of the coelacanth provides further evidence for slow evolution of its genome [Evolution]

Fri, 05 Feb 2010 09:59:12 PST

The living coelacanth is a lobe-finned fish that represents an early evolutionary departure from the lineage that led to land...

Close association of RNA polymerase II and many transcription factors with Pol III genes [Genetics]

Fri, 05 Feb 2010 09:59:11 PST

Transcription of the eukaryotic genomes is carried out by three distinct RNA polymerases I, II, and III, whereby each polymerase...

Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis reveals vasopressin V2-receptor-dependent signaling pathways in renal collecting duct cells [Physiology]

Fri, 05 Feb 2010 09:59:12 PST

Vasopressin’s action in renal cells to regulate water transport depends on protein phosphorylation. Here we used mass spectrometry–based quantitative phosphoproteomics...

Arabidopsis IWS1 interacts with transcription factor BES1 and is involved in plant steroid hormone brassinosteroid regulated gene expression [Plant_Biology]

Li, L., Ye, H., Guo, H., Yin, Y. — Fri, 05 Feb 2010 09:59:10 PST

Plant steroid hormones, brassinosteroids (BRs), regulate essential growth and developmental processes. BRs signal through membrane-localized receptor BRI1 and several other...

Genomic code for Sox10 activation reveals a key regulatory enhancer for cranial neural crest [Developmental_Biology]

Betancur, P., Bronner-Fraser, M., Sauka-Spengler, T. — Fri, 05 Feb 2010 09:59:10 PST

The neural crest is a multipotent, stem cell-like population that migrates extensively in the embryo and forms a wide array...

Representational gain in cortical area underlies increase of memory strength [Neuroscience]

Bieszczad, K. M., Weinberger, N. M. — Thu, 04 Feb 2010 11:54:17 PST

Neuronal plasticity that develops in the cortex during learning is assumed to represent memory content, but the functions of such...

Dynamic regulation of functionally distinct virus-specific T cells [Immunology]

Ndhlovu, Z. M., Oelke, M., Schneck, J. P., Griffin, D. E. — Thu, 04 Feb 2010 11:54:16 PST

The functional capacities of CD8⁺ T cells important for virus clearance are influenced by interactions with antigen presenting cells (APCs)...

Nature's molecular sponges: Small heat shock proteins grow into their chaperone roles [Commentary]

Eyles, S. J., Gierasch, L. M. — Thu, 04 Feb 2010 11:54:18 PST

NIP45 controls the magnitude of the type 2 T helper cell response [Immunology]

Thu, 04 Feb 2010 11:54:13 PST

Nuclear factor of activated T cell (NFAT) transcription factors are key regulators of gene transcription within immune cells. The NFAT-interacting...

Allosteric gating of Son of sevenless activity by the histone domain [Biochemistry]

Yadav, K. K, Bar-Sagi, D. — Thu, 04 Feb 2010 11:29:57 PST

Regulated activation of Ras by receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) constitutes a key transduction step in signaling processes that control an...

MYC regulation of a "poor-prognosis" metastatic cancer cell state [Medical_Sciences]

Thu, 04 Feb 2010 11:54:21 PST

Gene expression signatures are used in the clinic as prognostic tools to determine the risk of individual patients with localized...

Role of the histone domain in the autoinhibition and activation of the Ras activator Son of Sevenless [Biochemistry]

Thu, 04 Feb 2010 11:29:58 PST

Membrane-bound Ras is activated by translocation of the Son of Sevenless (SOS) protein to the plasma membrane. SOS is inactive...

Sex determines the expression level of one third of the actively expressed genes in bovine blastocysts [Agricultural_Sciences]

Bermejo-Alvarez, P., Rizos, D., Rath, D., Lonergan, P., Gutierrez-Adan, A. — Thu, 04 Feb 2010 11:54:15 PST

Although genetically identical for autosomal Chrs (Chr), male and female preimplantation embryos could display sex-specific transcriptional regulation. To illustrate sex-specific...

Binding and uptake of H-ferritin are mediated by human transferrin receptor-1 [Cell_Biology]

Thu, 04 Feb 2010 11:54:20 PST

Ferritin is a spherical molecule composed of 24 subunits of two types, ferritin H chain (FHC) and ferritin L chain...

Minimalist design of water-soluble cross-{beta} architecture [Biochemistry]

Biancalana, M., Makabe, K., Koide, S. — Thu, 04 Feb 2010 11:29:59 PST

Demonstrated successes of protein design and engineering suggest significant potential to produce diverse protein architectures and assemblies beyond those found...

N-acetylserotonin activates TrkB receptor in a circadian rhythm [Neuroscience]

Thu, 04 Feb 2010 11:54:18 PST

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a cognate ligand for the TrkB receptor. BDNF and serotonin often function in a cooperative...

Inverted-U-shaped correlation between dopamine receptor availability in striatum and sensation seeking [Neuroscience]

Gjedde, A., Kumakura, Y., Cumming, P., Linnet, J., Moller, A. — Thu, 04 Feb 2010 11:54:20 PST

Sensation seeking is a core personality trait that declines with age in both men and women, as do also both...

Placental-specific Igf2 knockout mice exhibit hypocalcemia and adaptive changes in placental calcium transport [Physiology]

Thu, 04 Feb 2010 11:54:21 PST

Evidence is emerging that the ability of the placenta to supply nutrients to the developing fetus adapts according to fetal...

Argonautes ALG-3 and ALG-4 are required for spermatogenesis-specific 26G-RNAs and thermotolerant sperm in Caenorhabditis elegans [Developmental_Biology]

Thu, 04 Feb 2010 11:54:14 PST

Gametogenesis is a thermosensitive process in numerous metazoans, ranging from worms to man. In Caenorhabditis elegans, a variety of RNA-binding...

Prolonged sensory-selective nerve blockade [Medical_Sciences]

Sagie, I., Kohane, D. S. — Thu, 04 Feb 2010 11:54:22 PST

Sensory-selective local anesthesia has long been a key goal in local anesthetic development. For example, it allows women to be...

Atmospheric Chemistry Special Feature: Reactive and nonreactive quenching of O(1D)SO2F2, NF3, and SF5CF3 [Chemistry]

Zhao, Z., Laine, P. L., Nicovich, J. M., Wine, P. H. — Thu, 04 Feb 2010 11:29:57 PST

A laser flash photolysis–resonance fluorescence technique has been employed to measure rate coefficients and physical vs. reactive quenching branching ratios...

Synergistic roles of the proteasome and autophagy for mitochondrial maintenance and chronological lifespan in fission yeast [Cell_Biology]

Thu, 04 Feb 2010 11:54:13 PST

Regulations of proliferation and quiescence in response to nutritional cues are important for medicine and basic biology. The fission yeast...

Computation of symmetric, time-periodic solutions of the vortex sheet with surface tension [Applied_Mathematics]

Ambrose, D. M., Wilkening, J. — Thu, 04 Feb 2010 11:29:58 PST

A numerical method is introduced for the computation of time-periodic vortex sheets with surface tension separating two immiscible, irrotational, two-dimensional...

Structural basis for inhibition of complement C5 by the SSL7 protein from Staphylococcus aureus [Immunology]

Thu, 04 Feb 2010 11:54:14 PST

Staphylococcus aureus secretes the SSL7 protein as part of its immune evasion strategy. The protein binds both complement C5 and...

Impaired geometric reorientation caused by genetic defect [Psychological_And_Cognitive_Sciences-SS]

Lakusta, L., Dessalegn, B., Landau, B. — Thu, 04 Feb 2010 11:54:20 PST

The capacity to reorient in one’s environment is a fundamental part of the spatial cognitive systems of both humans and...

Development and application of in vivo molecular traps reveals that dynein light chain occupancy differentially affects dynein-mediated processes [Chemistry]

Thu, 04 Feb 2010 11:54:16 PST

The ability to rapidly and specifically regulate protein activity combined with in vivo functional assays and/or imaging can provide unique...

Local adaptation in Trinidadian guppies alters ecosystem processes [Ecology]

Thu, 04 Feb 2010 11:54:22 PST

Theory suggests evolutionary change can significantly influence and act in tandem with ecological forces via ecological-evolutionary feedbacks. This theory assumes...

Autologous engineering of cartilage [Applied_Biological_Sciences]

Thu, 04 Feb 2010 11:29:59 PST

Treatment of full-thickness damage to hyaline cartilage is hampered by the limited availability of autologous healthy cartilage and the lengthy,...

Mechanical amplification by hair cells in the semicircular canals [Neuroscience]

Rabbitt, R. D., Boyle, R., Highstein, S. M. — Thu, 04 Feb 2010 11:54:15 PST

Sensory hair cells are the essential mechanotransducers of the inner ear, responsible not only for the transduction of sound and...

Subcellular dynamics of T cell immunological synapses and kinapses in lymph nodes [Immunology]

Azar, G. A., Lemaitre, F., Robey, E. A., Bousso, P. — Thu, 04 Feb 2010 11:54:19 PST

In vitro studies have revealed that T cell activation occurs during the formation of either dynamic or stable interactions with...

Identifying the amylome, proteins capable of forming amyloid-like fibrils [Biophysics_And_Computational_Biology]

Goldschmidt, L., Teng, P. K., Riek, R., Eisenberg, D. — Wed, 03 Feb 2010 11:54:13 PST

The amylome is the universe of proteins that are capable of forming amyloid-like fibrils. Here we investigate the factors that...

Neisseria meningitidis GNA2132, a heparin-binding protein that induces protective immunity in humans [Microbiology]

Wed, 03 Feb 2010 12:10:19 PST

GNA2132 is a Neisseria meningitidis antigen of unknown function, discovered by reverse vaccinology, which has been shown to induce bactericidal...

PML/RAR{alpha} fusion protein transactivates the tissue factor promoter through a GAGC-containing element without direct DNA association [Medical_Sciences]

Wed, 03 Feb 2010 12:10:22 PST

A severe coagulopathy is a life-threatening complication of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) and is ascribable mainly to the excessive levels...

Capillarity-based switchable adhesion [Engineering]

Vogel, M. J., Steen, P. H. — Wed, 03 Feb 2010 11:54:13 PST

Drawing inspiration from the adhesion abilities of a leaf beetle found in nature, we have engineered a switchable adhesion device....

Correction for Chesnokova et. al., Fusion of epithelial cells by Epstein-Barr virus proteins is triggered by binding of viral glycoproteins gHgL to integrins {alpha}v{beta}6 or {alpha}v{beta}8 [Correction]

Wed, 03 Feb 2010 12:10:18 PST

COUP-TFII regulates tumor growth and metastasis by modulating tumor angiogenesis [Medical_Sciences]

Qin, J., Chen, X., Xie, X., Tsai, M.-J., Tsai, S. Y. — Wed, 03 Feb 2010 12:10:22 PST

Tumor growth depends on nutrients and oxygen supplied by the vasculature through angiogenesis. Here, we show that the chicken ovalbumin...

The role of SAP97 in synaptic glutamate receptor dynamics [Neuroscience]

Howard, M. A., Elias, G. M., Elias, L. A. B., Swat, W., Nicoll, R. A. — Wed, 03 Feb 2010 12:10:20 PST

Proteins of the PSD-95–like membrane-associated guanylate kinase (PSD-MAGUK) family are vital for trafficking AMPA receptors (AMPARs) to synapses, a process...

NudC-like protein 2 regulates the LIS1/dynein pathway by stabilizing LIS1 with Hsp90 [Cell_Biology]

Yang, Y., Yan, X., Cai, Y., Lu, Y., Si, J., Zhou, T. — Wed, 03 Feb 2010 12:10:18 PST

The type I lissencephaly gene product LIS1, a key regulator of cytoplasmic dynein, is critical for cell proliferation, survival, and...

Noninvasive diagnosis of seed viability using infrared thermography [Plant_Biology]

Kranner, I., Kastberger, G., Hartbauer, M., Pritchard, H. W. — Wed, 03 Feb 2010 12:10:19 PST

Recent advances in the noninvasive analyses of plant metabolism include stress imaging techniques, mainly developed for vegetative tissues. We explored...

FragBag, an accurate representation of protein structure, retrieves structural neighbors from the entire PDB quickly and accurately [Biophysics_And_Computational_Biology]

Budowski-Tal, I., Nov, Y., Kolodny, R. — Wed, 03 Feb 2010 11:54:12 PST

Fast identification of protein structures that are similar to a specified query structure in the entire Protein Data Bank (PDB)...

ATP-independent CFTR channel gating and allosteric modulation by phosphorylation [Physiology]

Wang, W., Wu, J., Bernard, K., Li, G., Wang, G., Bevensee, M. O., Kirk, K. L. — Wed, 03 Feb 2010 12:10:17 PST

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) channel, an ATP binding cassette...

Encoding properties of haltere neurons enable motion feature detection in a biological gyroscope [Neuroscience]

Fox, J. L., Fairhall, A. L., Daniel, T. L. — Wed, 03 Feb 2010 12:10:14 PST

The halteres of dipteran insects are essential sensory organs for flight control. They are believed to detect Coriolis and other...

TDP-43 transgenic mice develop spastic paralysis and neuronal inclusions characteristic of ALS and frontotemporal lobar degeneration [Neuroscience]

Wed, 03 Feb 2010 12:10:19 PST

Neuronal cytoplasmic and intranuclear aggregates of RNA-binding protein TDP-43 are a hallmark feature of neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral...

Evidence for a recent increase in forest growth [Ecology]

McMahon, S. M., Parker, G. G., Miller, D. R. — Wed, 03 Feb 2010 12:10:20 PST

Forests and their soils contain the majority of the earth’s terrestrial carbon stocks. Changes in patterns of tree growth can...

Atmospheric Chemistry Special Feature: Surface organization of aqueous MgCl2 and application to atmospheric marine aerosol chemistry [Chemistry]

Wed, 03 Feb 2010 11:54:14 PST

Inorganic salts in marine aerosols play an active role in atmospheric chemistry, particularly in coastal urban regions. The study of...

LXR modulation blocks prostaglandin E2 production and matrix degradation in cartilage and alleviates pain in a rat osteoarthritis model [Medical_Sciences]

Wed, 03 Feb 2010 12:10:20 PST

Osteoarthritis (OA), the most common arthritic condition in humans, is characterized by the progressive degeneration of articular cartilage accompanied by...

Visualizing dynamic interaction between calmodulin and calmodulin-related kinases via a monitoring method in live mammalian cells [Applied_Biological_Sciences]

Lee, K. H., Lee, S., Lee, W. Y., Yang, H. W., Heo, W. D. — Wed, 03 Feb 2010 11:54:14 PST

A new visualizing method was developed for monitoring protein-protein (P-P) interactions in live mammalian cells. P-P interactions are visualized by...

Layer-specific variation of iron content in cerebral cortex as a source of MRI contrast [Neuroscience]

Wed, 03 Feb 2010 12:10:15 PST

Recent advances in high-field MRI have dramatically improved the visualization of human brain anatomy in vivo. Most notably, in cortical...

Defining the ATM-mediated barrier to tumorigenesis in somatic mammary cells following ErbB2 activation [Medical_Sciences]

Wed, 03 Feb 2010 12:10:21 PST

p53, apoptosis, and senescence are frequently activated in preneoplastic lesions and are barriers to progression to malignancy. These barriers have...

Selective targeting of radiation-resistant tumor-initiating cells [Cell_Biology]

Zhang, M., Atkinson, R. L., Rosen, J. M. — Wed, 03 Feb 2010 12:10:17 PST

Tumor-initiating cells (TICs) have been shown both experimentally and clinically to be resistant to radiation and chemotherapy, potentially resulting in...

Human and mouse adipose-derived cells support feeder-independent induction of pluripotent stem cells [Cell_Biology]

Wed, 03 Feb 2010 12:10:18 PST

Although adipose tissue is an expandable and readily attainable source of proliferating, multipotent stem cells, its potential for use in...

ProNGF induces TNF{alpha}-dependent death of retinal ganglion cells through a p75NTR non-cell-autonomous signaling pathway [Neuroscience]

Wed, 03 Feb 2010 12:10:16 PST

Neurotrophin binding to the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75^NTR) activates neuronal apoptosis following adult central nervous system injury, but the underlying...

Deceptive chemical signals induced by a plant virus attract insect vectors to inferior hosts [Ecology]

Mauck, K. E., De Moraes, C. M., Mescher, M. C. — Wed, 03 Feb 2010 12:10:16 PST

Previous studies have shown that vector-borne pathogens can alter the phenotypes of their hosts and vectors in ways that influence...

Attribution of climate forcing to economic sectors [Geophysics]

Wed, 03 Feb 2010 11:54:13 PST

A much-cited bar chart provided by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change displays the climate impact, as expressed by radiative...

Dynamics of intracellular bacterial replication at the single cell level [Microbiology]

Helaine, S., Thompson, J. A., Watson, K. G., Liu, M., Boyle, C., Holden, D. W. — Tue, 02 Feb 2010 10:04:12 PST

Several important pathogens cause disease by surviving and replicating within host cells. Bacterial proliferation is the product of both replication...

Cancer stem cells from colorectal cancer-derived cell lines [Medical_Sciences]

Yeung, T. M., Gandhi, S. C., Wilding, J. L., Muschel, R., Bodmer, W. F. — Tue, 02 Feb 2010 10:04:10 PST

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are the subpopulation of cells within a tumor that can self-renew, differentiate into multiple lineages, and...

Agrobacterium type IV secretion system and its substrates form helical arrays around the circumference of virulence-induced cells [Microbiology]

Aguilar, J., Zupan, J., Cameron, T. A., Zambryski, P. C. — Tue, 02 Feb 2010 10:04:18 PST

The genetic transformation of plant cells by Agrobacterium tumefaciens results from the transfer of DNA and proteins via a specific...

Aberrant overexpression and function of the miR-17-92 cluster in MLL-rearranged acute leukemia [Medical_Sciences]

Tue, 02 Feb 2010 10:04:12 PST

MicroRNA (miRNA)-17-92 cluster (miR-17-92), containing seven individual miRNAs, is frequently amplified and overexpressed in lymphomas and various solid tumors. We...

Genome-wide siRNA screen identifies SMCX, EP400, and Brd4 as E2-dependent regulators of human papillomavirus oncogene expression [Microbiology]

Tue, 02 Feb 2010 10:04:16 PST

An essential step in the pathogenesis of human papillomavirus (HPV)–associated cancers is the dysregulated expression of the viral oncogenes. The...

X chromosome-wide analyses of genomic DNA methylation states and gene expression in male and female neutrophils [Medical_Sciences]

Tue, 02 Feb 2010 10:04:17 PST

The DNA methylation status of human X chromosomes from male and female neutrophils was identified by high-throughput sequencing of HpaII...

A fast, single-vesicle fusion assay mimics physiological SNARE requirements [Cell_Biology]

Tue, 02 Feb 2010 10:04:10 PST

Almost all known intracellular fusion reactions are driven by formation of trans-SNARE complexes through pairing of vesicle-associated v-SNAREs with complementary...

Astrocytic endfoot Ca2+ and BK channels determine both arteriolar dilation and constriction [Neuroscience]

Tue, 02 Feb 2010 10:04:18 PST

Neuronal activity is thought to communicate to arterioles in the brain through astrocytic calcium (Ca²⁺) signaling to cause local vasodilation....

Two closely related endocytic proteins that share a common OCRL-binding motif with APPL1 [Cell_Biology]

Swan, L. E., Tomasini, L., Pirruccello, M., Lunardi, J., De Camilli, P. — Tue, 02 Feb 2010 10:04:04 PST

Mutations of the inositol 5' phosphatase oculocerebrorenal syndrome of Lowe (OCRL) give rise to the congenital X-linked disorders oculocerebrorenal syndrome...

Disruption of LGI1-linked synaptic complex causes abnormal synaptic transmission and epilepsy [Neuroscience]

Tue, 02 Feb 2010 10:04:06 PST

Epilepsy is a devastating and poorly understood disease. Mutations in a secreted neuronal protein, leucine-rich glioma inactivated 1 (LGI1), were...

Language acquisition in premature and full-term infants [Neuroscience]

Pena, M., Pittaluga, E., Mehler, J. — Tue, 02 Feb 2010 10:04:11 PST

We tested healthy preterm (born near 28 ± 2 weeks of gestational age) and full-term infants at various different ages....

Screening the mammalian extracellular proteome for regulators of embryonic human stem cell pluripotency [Developmental_Biology]

Tue, 02 Feb 2010 10:04:08 PST

Approximately 3,500 mammalian genes are predicted to be secreted or single-pass transmembrane proteins. The function of the majority of these...

A membrane-associated thioredoxin required for plant growth moves from cell to cell, suggestive of a role in intercellular communication [Plant_Biology]

Meng, L., Wong, J. H., Feldman, L. J., Lemaux, P. G., Buchanan, B. B. — Tue, 02 Feb 2010 10:04:14 PST

Thioredoxins (Trxs) are small ubiquitous regulatory disulfide proteins. Plants have an unusually complex complement of Trxs composed of six well-defined...

Development of the circadian oscillator during differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells in vitro [Neuroscience]

Tue, 02 Feb 2010 10:04:09 PST

The molecular oscillations underlying the generation of circadian rhythmicity in mammals develop gradually during ontogenesis. However, the developmental process of...

Cell type specificity of chromatin organization mediated by CTCF and cohesin [Genetics]

Hou, C., Dale, R., Dean, A. — Tue, 02 Feb 2010 10:04:05 PST

CTCF sites are abundant in the genomes of diverse species but their function is enigmatic. We used chromosome conformation capture...

Sequential rounds of RNA-dependent RNA transcription drive endogenous small-RNA biogenesis in the ERGO-1/Argonaute pathway [Developmental_Biology]

Tue, 02 Feb 2010 10:04:14 PST

Argonaute (AGO) proteins interact with distinct classes of small RNAs to direct multiple regulatory outcomes. In many organisms, including plants,...

Rapid spread of invasive genes into a threatened native species [Ecology]

Tue, 02 Feb 2010 10:04:07 PST

When introduced or cultivated plants or animals hybridize with their native relatives, the spread of invasive genes into native populations...

Area-specific temporal control of corticospinal motor neuron differentiation by COUP-TFI [Developmental_Biology]

Tue, 02 Feb 2010 10:04:12 PST

Transcription factors with gradients of expression in neocortical progenitors give rise to distinct motor and sensory cortical areas by controlling...

Spontaneous assembly and active disassembly balance adherens junction homeostasis [Cell_Biology]

Hong, S., Troyanovsky, R. B., Troyanovsky, S. M. — Tue, 02 Feb 2010 10:04:17 PST

The homeostasis of adherens junctions was studied using E-cadherin and its two mutants tagged by the photoconvertible protein Dendra2 in...

Cell density and mobility protect swarming bacteria against antibiotics [Microbiology]

Butler, M. T., Wang, Q., Harshey, R. M. — Tue, 02 Feb 2010 10:04:11 PST

Swarming bacteria move in multicellular groups and exhibit adaptive resistance to multiple antibiotics. Analysis of this phenomenon has revealed the...

Positive selection of a duplicated UV-sensitive visual pigment coincides with wing pigment evolution in Heliconius butterflies [Evolution]

Tue, 02 Feb 2010 10:04:05 PST

The butterfly Heliconius erato can see from the UV to the red part of the light spectrum with color vision...

Translation efficiency is determined by both codon bias and folding energy [Genetics]

Tuller, T., Waldman, Y. Y., Kupiec, M., Ruppin, E. — Tue, 02 Feb 2010 10:04:16 PST

Synonymous mutations do not alter the protein produced yet can have a significant effect on protein levels. The mechanisms by...

NANOS2 interacts with the CCR4-NOT deadenylation complex and leads to suppression of specific RNAs [Developmental_Biology]

Suzuki, A., Igarashi, K., Aisaki, K.-i., Kanno, J., Saga, Y. — Tue, 02 Feb 2010 10:04:06 PST

Nanos is one of the evolutionarily conserved proteins implicated in germ cell development. We have previously shown that NANOS2 plays...

Energetic basis of colonial living in social insects [Evolution]

Hou, C., Kaspari, M., Vander Zanden, H. B., Gillooly, J. F. — Tue, 02 Feb 2010 10:04:15 PST

Understanding the ecology and evolution of insect societies requires greater knowledge of how sociality affects the performance of whole colonies....

Brain estrogens rapidly strengthen auditory encoding and guide song preference in a songbird [Neuroscience]

Remage-Healey, L., Coleman, M. J., Oyama, R. K., Schlinger, B. A. — Tue, 02 Feb 2010 10:04:07 PST

Higher cognitive function depends on accurate detection and processing of subtle features of sensory stimuli. Such precise computations require neural...

Regenerative Medicine Special Feature: Engineered vascularized bone grafts [Applied_Biological_Sciences]

Tue, 02 Feb 2010 09:04:04 PST

Clinical protocols utilize bone marrow to seed synthetic and decellularized allogeneic bone grafts for enhancement of scaffold remodeling and fusion....

Induction of ectopic Myc target gene JAG2 augments hypoxic growth and tumorigenesis in a human B-cell model [Cell_Biology]

Tue, 02 Feb 2010 10:04:13 PST

Ectopic Myc expression plays a key role in human tumorigenesis, and Myc dose-dependent tumorigenesis has been well established in transgenic...

Structure and structural transition of chiral domains in oligo(p-phenylenevinylene) assembly investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy [Chemistry]

Chen, Q., Chen, T., Wang, D., Liu, H.-B., Li, Y.-L., Wan, L.-J. — Mon, 01 Feb 2010 16:08:51 PST

OPV3-CHO molecules are employed to prepare assembly on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite, and the so-prepared assembly is investigated by scanning...

Disruption of the Lcn2 gene in mice suppresses primary mammary tumor formation but does not decrease lung metastasis [Genetics]

Berger, T., Cheung, C. C., Elia, A. J., Mak, T. W. — Mon, 01 Feb 2010 16:10:25 PST

Based largely on studies in xenograft models, lipocalin-2 (Lcn2) has been implicated in the progression of multiple types of human...

Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease APE1 is required for PACAP-induced neuroprotection against global cerebral ischemia [Neuroscience]

Mon, 01 Feb 2010 16:10:24 PST

Inducible DNA repair via the base-excision repair pathway is an important prosurvival mechanism activated in response to oxidative DNA damage....

Persistent hepatitis C virus infection in microscale primary human hepatocyte cultures [Microbiology]

Mon, 01 Feb 2010 16:10:25 PST

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) remains a major public health problem, affecting approximately 130 million people worldwide. HCV infection can lead...

Downstream class switching leads to IgE antibody production by B lymphocytes lacking IgM switch regions [Immunology]

Mon, 01 Feb 2010 16:10:23 PST

Ig heavy chain (IgH) class-switch recombination (CSR) replaces the IgH Cµ constant region exons with one of several sets of...

Predicting strength and function for promoters of the Escherichia coli alternative sigma factor, {sigma}E [Biochemistry]

Rhodius, V. A., Mutalik, V. K. — Mon, 01 Feb 2010 16:08:53 PST

Sequenced bacterial genomes provide a wealth of information but little understanding of transcriptional regulatory circuits largely because accurate prediction of...

Structure of Vibrio cholerae ToxT reveals a mechanism for fatty acid regulation of virulence genes [Biochemistry]

Mon, 01 Feb 2010 16:08:45 PST

Cholera is an acute intestinal infection caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. In order for V. cholerae to cause disease,...

Homozygous DNA ligase IV R278H mutation in mice leads to leaky SCID and represents a model for human LIG4 syndrome [Immunology]

Mon, 01 Feb 2010 16:10:26 PST

DNA ligase IV (LIG4) is an essential component of the nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) repair pathway and plays a key role...

Identification of an unconventional E3 binding surface on the UbcH5 ~ Ub conjugate recognized by a pathogenic bacterial E3 ligase. [Biochemistry]

Levin, I., Eakin, C., Blanc, M.-P., Klevit, R. E., Miller, S. I., Brzovic, P. S. — Mon, 01 Feb 2010 16:08:52 PST

Gram-negative bacteria deliver a cadre of virulence factors directly into the cytoplasm of eukaryotic host cells to promote pathogenesis and/or...

Bifurcation of insulin signaling pathway in rat liver: mTORC1 required for stimulation of lipogenesis, but not inhibition of gluconeogenesis [Biochemistry]

Li, S., Brown, M. S., Goldstein, J. L. — Mon, 01 Feb 2010 16:08:48 PST

The livers of insulin-resistant, diabetic mice manifest selective insulin resistance, suggesting a bifurcation in the insulin signaling pathway: Insulin loses...

Lens epithelium-derived growth factor fusion proteins redirect HIV-1 DNA integration [Microbiology]

Mon, 01 Feb 2010 16:10:22 PST

Lens epithelium-derived growth factor (LEDGF) fusion proteins can direct HIV-1 DNA integration to novel sites in the host genome. The...

Structural insight into M-band assembly and mechanics from the titin-obscurin-like-1 complex [Biochemistry]

Mon, 01 Feb 2010 16:08:45 PST

In the sarcomeric M-band, the giant ruler proteins titin and obscurin, its small homologue obscurin-like-1 (obsl1), and the myosin cross-linking...

Innate immune detection of the type III secretion apparatus through the NLRC4 inflammasome [Immunology]

Mon, 01 Feb 2010 16:10:23 PST

The mammalian innate immune system uses Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and Nod-LRRs (NLRs) to detect microbial components during infection. Often these...

No difference in kinetics of tau or histone phosphorylation by CDK5/p25 versus CDK5/p35 in vitro [Biochemistry]

Peterson, D. W., Ando, D. M., Taketa, D. A., Zhou, H., Dahlquist, F. W., Lew, J. — Mon, 01 Feb 2010 16:08:46 PST

CDK5/p35 is a cyclin-dependent kinase essential for normal neuron function. Proteolysis of the p35 subunit in vivo results in CDK5/p25...

Neutrophil spontaneous death is mediated by down-regulation of autocrine signaling through GPCR, PI3K{gamma}, ROS, and actin [Cell_Biology]

Xu, Y., Loison, F., Luo, H. R. — Mon, 01 Feb 2010 16:10:24 PST

Neutrophil spontaneous apoptosis plays a crucial role in neutrophil homeostasis and the resolution of inflammation. We previously established Akt deactivation...

Determining the distribution of probes between different subcellular locations through automated unmixing of subcellular patterns [Cell_Biology]

Mon, 01 Feb 2010 16:10:26 PST

Many proteins or other biological macromolecules are localized to more than one subcellular structure. The fraction of a protein in...

The transition state for folding of an outer membrane protein [Biophysics_And_Computational_Biology]

Huysmans, G. H. M., Baldwin, S. A., Brockwell, D. J., Radford, S. E. — Mon, 01 Feb 2010 16:08:53 PST

Inspired by the seminal work of Anfinsen, investigations of the folding of small water-soluble proteins have culminated in detailed insights...

Development and the evolvability of human limbs [Anthropology-BS]

Young, N. M., Wagner, G. P., Hallgrimsson, B. — Mon, 01 Feb 2010 16:10:23 PST

The long legs and short arms of humans are distinctive for a primate, the result of selection acting in opposite...

Energized outer membrane and spatial separation of metabolic processes in the hyperthermophilic Archaeon Ignicoccus hospitalis [Microbiology]

Kuper, U., Meyer, C., Muller, V., Rachel, R., Huber, H. — Mon, 01 Feb 2010 16:10:20 PST

ATP synthase catalyzes ATP synthesis at the expense of an electrochemical ion gradient across a membrane that can be generated...

Logistical feasibility and potential benefits of a population-wide passive-immunotherapy program during an influenza pandemic [Population_Biology]

Wu, J. T., Lee, C. K., Cowling, B. J., Yuen, K. Y. — Mon, 01 Feb 2010 16:10:20 PST

Treatment strategies for severe cases of pandemic influenza have focused on antiviral therapies. In contrast, passive immunotherapy with convalescent blood...

Atmospheric Chemistry Special Feature: Reactive collisions of sulfur dioxide with molten carbonates [Chemistry]

Krebs, T., Nathanson, G. M. — Mon, 01 Feb 2010 16:08:49 PST

Molecular beam scattering experiments are used to investigate reactions of SO₂ at the surface of a molten alkali carbonate eutectic...

Fundamental signatures of short- and long-range electron transfer for the blue copper protein azurin at Au/SAM junctions [Biophysics_And_Computational_Biology]

Mon, 01 Feb 2010 16:08:50 PST

The blue copper protein from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, azurin, immobilized at gold electrodes through hydrophobic interaction with alkanethiol self-assembled monolayers (SAMs)...

Targeting of SMAD5 links microRNA-155 to the TGF-{beta} pathway and lymphomagenesis [Medical_Sciences]

Rai, D., Kim, S.-W., McKeller, M. R., Dahia, P. L. M., Aguiar, R. C. T. — Mon, 01 Feb 2010 16:10:26 PST

The mechanisms by which microRNA dysfunction contributes to the pathogenesis of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) are not well...

Ordered ferrimagnetic form of ferrihydrite reveals links among structure, composition, and magnetism [Geology]

Mon, 01 Feb 2010 16:08:51 PST

The natural nanomineral ferrihydrite is an important component of many environmental and soil systems and has been implicated as the...

Plasmonic nanorod absorbers as orientation sensors [Chemistry]

Chang, W.-S., Ha, J. W., Slaughter, L. S., Link, S. — Mon, 01 Feb 2010 16:08:49 PST

Nanoparticles are actively exploited as biological imaging probes. Of particular interest are gold nanoparticles because of their nonblinking and nonbleaching...

Ancient mitochondrial DNA analysis reveals complexity of indigenous North American turkey domestication [Anthropology-BS]

Mon, 01 Feb 2010 16:10:27 PST

Although the cultural and nutritive importance of the turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) to precontact Native Americans and contemporary people worldwide is...

Histone modification levels are predictive for gene expression [Biophysics_And_Computational_Biology]

Karlic, R., Chung, H.-R., Lasserre, J., Vlahovicek, K., Vingron, M. — Mon, 01 Feb 2010 16:08:52 PST

Histones are frequently decorated with covalent modifications. These histone modifications are thought to be involved in various chromatin-dependent processes including...

Compartmentalization by directional gene expression [Physics]

Daube, S. S., Bracha, D., Buxboim, A., Bar-Ziv, R. H. — Mon, 01 Feb 2010 16:08:54 PST

The coalescence of basic biochemical reactions into compartments is a major hallmark of a living cell. Using surface-bound DNA and...

Molecular defects of the glycine 41 variants of alanine glyoxylate aminotransferase associated with primary hyperoxaluria type I [Biochemistry]

Mon, 01 Feb 2010 16:08:48 PST

G41 is an interfacial residue located within the -helix 34–42 of alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase (AGT). Its mutations on the major (AGT-Ma)...

Mass spectrometry imaging of mating Tetrahymena show that changes in cell morphology regulate lipid domain formation [Biophysics_And_Computational_Biology]

Mon, 01 Feb 2010 16:08:52 PST

Mass spectrometry imaging has been used here to suggest that changes in membrane structure drive lipid domain formation in mating...

Transport and signaling through the phosphate-binding site of the yeast Pho84 phosphate transceptor [Biochemistry]

Popova, Y., Thayumanavan, P., Lonati, E., Agrochao, M., Thevelein, J. M. — Mon, 01 Feb 2010 16:08:47 PST

A novel concept in eukaryotic signal transduction is the use of nutrient transporters and closely related proteins as nutrient sensors....

Regenerative Medicine Special Feature: Supramolecular design of self-assembling nanofibers for cartilage regeneration [Applied_Biological_Sciences]

Mon, 01 Feb 2010 16:08:53 PST

Molecular and supramolecular design of bioactive biomaterials could have a significant impact on regenerative medicine. Ideal regenerative therapies should be...

Crystal structure of the bifunctional proline utilization A flavoenzyme from Bradyrhizobium japonicum [Biochemistry]

Mon, 01 Feb 2010 16:08:47 PST

The bifunctional proline catabolic flavoenzyme, proline utilization A (PutA), catalyzes the oxidation of proline to glutamate via the sequential activities...

Electric field enhanced hydrogen storage on polarizable materials substrates [Physics]

Zhou, J., Wang, Q., Sun, Q., Jena, P., Chen, X. S. — Mon, 01 Feb 2010 16:08:49 PST

Using density functional theory, we show that an applied electric field can substantially improve the hydrogen storage properties of polarizable...

Estrogen receptor-{beta} activated apoptosis in benign hyperplasia and cancer of the prostate is androgen independent and TNF{alpha} mediated [Medical_Sciences]

Mon, 01 Feb 2010 16:10:21 PST

Prostate cancer (PCa) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) are androgen-dependent diseases commonly treated by inhibiting androgen action. However, androgen ablation...

Competition between native topology and nonnative interactions in simple and complex folding kinetics of natural and designed proteins [Biophysics_And_Computational_Biology]

Zhang, Z., Chan, H. S. — Fri, 29 Jan 2010 12:21:35 PST

We compared folding properties of designed protein Top7 and natural protein S6 by using coarse-grained chain models with a mainly...

Switchable hardening of a ferromagnet at fixed temperature [Physics]

Silevitch, D. M., Aeppli, G., Rosenbaum, T. F. — Fri, 29 Jan 2010 12:21:36 PST

The intended use of a magnetic material, from information storage to power conversion, depends crucially on its domain structure, traditionally...

STAT3 is a substrate of SYK tyrosine kinase in B-lineage leukemia/lymphoma cells exposed to oxidative stress [Biochemistry]

Uckun, F. M., Qazi, S., Ma, H., Tuel-Ahlgren, L., Ozer, Z. — Fri, 29 Jan 2010 12:21:35 PST

We provide unprecedented genetic and biochemical evidence that the antiapoptotic transcription factor STAT3 serves as a substrate for SYK tyrosine...

Two distinct mechanisms underlie progesterone-induced proliferation in the mammary gland [Genetics]

Thu, 28 Jan 2010 16:48:14 PST

The mouse mammary gland develops postnatally under the control of female reproductive hormones. Estrogens and progesterone trigger morphogenesis by poorly...

A mutation of Ikbkg causes immune deficiency without impairing degradation of I{kappa}B{alpha} [Immunology]

Thu, 28 Jan 2010 16:48:12 PST

Null alleles of the gene encoding NEMO (NF-B essential modulator) are lethal in hemizygous mice and men, whereas hypomorphic alleles...

Activation state and intracellular trafficking contribute to the repertoire of endogenous glycosphinogolipids presented by CD1d [Immunology]

Thu, 28 Jan 2010 16:48:13 PST

Myeloid antigen-presenting cells (APC) express CD1d molecules that present exogenous and endogenous lipid antigens that activate CD1d-restricted T cells, natural...

Histone H3 lysine 36 methyltransferase Hypb/Setd2 is required for embryonic vascular remodeling [Developmental_Biology]

Thu, 28 Jan 2010 16:48:13 PST

HYPB is a human histone H3 lysine 36 (H3K36)–specific methyltransferase and acts as the ortholog of yeast Set2. This study...

Lipid signaling in cytosolic phospholipase A2{alpha}-cyclooxygenase-2 cascade mediates cerebellar long-term depression and motor learning [Neuroscience]

Thu, 28 Jan 2010 16:48:17 PST

In this study, we show the crucial roles of lipid signaling in long-term depression (LTD), that is, synaptic plasticity prevailing...

Analysis of CD161 expression on human CD8+ T cells defines a distinct functional subset with tissue-homing properties [Immunology]

Thu, 28 Jan 2010 16:48:17 PST

CD8⁺ T lymphocytes play a key role in host defense, in particular against important persistent viruses, although the critical functional...

Capillarity theory for the fly-casting mechanism [Biophysics_And_Computational_Biology]

Trizac, E., Levy, Y., Wolynes, P. G. — Thu, 28 Jan 2010 12:32:11 PST

Biomolecular folding and function are often coupled. During molecular recognition events, one of the binding partners may transiently or partially...

Blimp1-mediated repression of negative regulators is required for osteoclast differentiation [Medical_Sciences]

Thu, 28 Jan 2010 16:48:15 PST

Regulation of irreversible cell lineage commitment depends on a delicate balance between positive and negative regulators, which comprise a sophisticated...

Premature replacement of {micro} with {alpha} immunoglobulin chains impairs lymphopoiesis and mucosal homing but promotes plasma cell maturation [Immunology]

Thu, 28 Jan 2010 16:48:16 PST

Sequentially along B cell differentiation, the different classes of membrane Ig heavy chains associate with the Ig/Igβ heterodimer within the...

Evidence for widespread adaptive evolution of gene expression in budding yeast [Evolution]

Fraser, H. B., Moses, A. M., Schadt, E. E. — Thu, 28 Jan 2010 16:48:12 PST

Changes in gene expression have been proposed to underlie many, or even most, adaptive differences between species. Despite the increasing...

Bacterial translation elongation factor EF-Tu interacts and colocalizes with actin-like MreB protein [Microbiology]

Thu, 28 Jan 2010 16:48:16 PST

We show that translation initiation factor EF-Tu plays a second important role in cell shape maintenance in the bacterium Bacillus...

Ambient temperature response establishes ELF3 as a required component of the core Arabidopsis circadian clock [Plant_Biology]

Thines, B., Harmon, F. G. — Thu, 28 Jan 2010 16:48:15 PST

Circadian clocks synchronize internal processes with environmental cycles to ensure optimal timing of biological events on daily and seasonal time...

Recessive mutations in the INS gene result in neonatal diabetes through reduced insulin biosynthesis [Medical_Sciences]

Thu, 28 Jan 2010 16:48:14 PST

Heterozygous coding mutations in the INS gene that encodes preproinsulin were recently shown to be an important cause of permanent...

Importance of antibody and complement for oxidative burst and killing of invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella by blood cells in Africans [Immunology]

Thu, 28 Jan 2010 16:48:12 PST

Bacteremia caused by nontyphoidal strains of Salmonella is endemic among African children. Case-fatality rates are high and antibiotic resistance increasing,...

Three major output pathways from the KaiABC-based oscillator cooperate to generate robust circadian kaiBC expression in cyanobacteria [Plant_Biology]

Taniguchi, Y., Takai, N., Katayama, M., Kondo, T., Oyama, T. — Thu, 28 Jan 2010 16:48:15 PST

Circadian kaiBC expression in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 is generated by temporal information transmission from the KaiABC-based circadian...

A broad-spectrum antiviral targeting entry of enveloped viruses [Microbiology]

Thu, 28 Jan 2010 16:48:17 PST

We describe an antiviral small molecule, LJ001, effective against numerous enveloped viruses including Influenza A, filoviruses, poxviruses, arenaviruses, bunyaviruses, paramyxoviruses,...

An organellar maturase associates with multiple group II introns [Plant_Biology]

Thu, 28 Jan 2010 16:48:14 PST

Bacterial group II introns encode maturase proteins required for splicing. In organelles of photosynthetic land plants, most of the group...

Mammalian Pumilio 2 regulates dendrite morphogenesis and synaptic function [Neuroscience]

Thu, 28 Jan 2010 16:48:16 PST

In Drosophila, Pumilio (Pum) is important for neuronal homeostasis as well as learning and memory. We have recently characterized a...

Knowledge Systems for Sustainable Development Special Feature Sackler Colloquium: Making short-term climate forecasts useful: Linking science and action [Sustainability_Science-SS]

Buizer, J., Jacobs, K., Cash, D. — Thu, 28 Jan 2010 12:49:45 PST

This paper discusses the evolution of scientific and social understanding that has led to the development of knowledge systems supporting...

Competing feedback loops shape IL-2 signaling between helper and regulatory T lymphocytes in cellular microenvironments [Immunology]

Thu, 28 Jan 2010 12:49:45 PST

Cytokines are pleiotropic and readily diffusible messenger molecules, raising the question of how their action can be confined to specific...

Functional organization of motor cortex of adult macaque monkeys is altered by sensory loss in infancy [Neuroscience]

Qi, H.-X., Jain, N., Collins, C. E., Lyon, D. C., Kaas, J. H. — Wed, 27 Jan 2010 12:34:24 PST

When somatosensory cortex (S1) is deprived of some of its inputs after section of ascending afferents in the dorsal columns...

STAT5-glucocorticoid receptor interaction and MTF-1 regulate the expression of ZnT2 (Slc30a2) in pancreatic acinar cells [Applied_Biological_Sciences]

Guo, L., Lichten, L. A., Ryu, M.-S., Liuzzi, J. P., Wang, F., Cousins, R. J. — Wed, 27 Jan 2010 12:02:37 PST

The exocrine pancreas plays an important role in endogenous zinc loss by regulating excretion into the intestinal tract and hence...

MicroRNA-19a mediates the suppressive effect of laminar flow on cyclin D1 expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells [Physiology]

Wed, 27 Jan 2010 12:34:23 PST

Endothelial cells (ECs) respond to changes in mechanical forces, leading to the modulation of signaling networks and cell function; an...

Role of microRNA-23b in flow-regulation of Rb phosphorylation and endothelial cell growth [Physiology]

Wed, 27 Jan 2010 12:34:22 PST

MicroRNAs (miRs) can regulate many cellular functions, but their roles in regulating responses of vascular endothelial cells (ECs) to mechanical...

Keap1 is a forked-stem dimer structure with two large spheres enclosing the intervening, double glycine repeat, and C-terminal domains [Biochemistry]

Wed, 27 Jan 2010 12:02:38 PST

Keap1 is a substrate adaptor of a Cullin 3-based E3 ubiquitin ligase complex that recognizes Nrf2, and also acts as...

Induced allostery in the directed evolution of an enantioselective Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase [Chemistry]

Wu, S., Acevedo, J. P., Reetz, M. T. — Wed, 27 Jan 2010 12:02:36 PST

The molecular basis of allosteric effects, known to be caused by an effector docking to an enzyme at a site...

An efficient, multiply promiscuous hydrolase in the alkaline phosphatase superfamily [Biochemistry]

Wed, 27 Jan 2010 12:02:34 PST

We report a catalytically promiscuous enzyme able to efficiently promote the hydrolysis of six different substrate classes. Originally assigned as...

Delivery of foreign antigens by engineered outer membrane vesicle vaccines [Medical_Sciences]

Wed, 27 Jan 2010 12:34:23 PST

As new disease threats arise and existing pathogens grow resistant to conventional interventions, attention increasingly focuses on the development of...

Ultrafast solvation dynamics at binding and active sites of photolyases [Chemistry]

Tue, 26 Jan 2010 09:51:20 PST

Dynamic solvation at binding and active sites is critical to protein recognition and enzyme catalysis. We report here the complete...

Expression of cancer testis antigen CT45 in classical Hodgkin lymphoma and other B-cell lymphomas [Medical_Sciences]

Tue, 26 Jan 2010 10:43:15 PST

We have shown previously that cancer/testis (CT) antigen, CT45, is expressed in various epithelial cancers at a frequency of <5%...

Proliferative lesions and metalloproteinase activity in murine lupus nephritis mediated by type I interferons and macrophages [Immunology]

Tue, 26 Jan 2010 10:43:13 PST

Glomerulonephritis is a major cause of morbidity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Although substantial progress has been made in...

Targeted disruption of the CREB coactivator Crtc2 increases insulin sensitivity [Medical_Sciences]

Tue, 26 Jan 2010 10:43:14 PST

Under fasting conditions, increases in circulating concentrations of pancreatic glucagon maintain glucose homeostasis through induction of gluconeogenic genes by the...

Peptide vaccines prevent tumor growth by activating T cells that respond to native tumor antigens [Immunology]

Jordan, K. R., McMahan, R. H., Kemmler, C. B., Kappler, J. W., Slansky, J. E. — Tue, 26 Jan 2010 10:43:05 PST

Peptide vaccines enhance the response of T cells toward tumor antigens and represent a strategy to augment antigen-independent immunotherapies of...

DJ-1 protects the nigrostriatal axis from the neurotoxin MPTP by modulation of the AKT pathway [Neuroscience]

Tue, 26 Jan 2010 10:43:16 PST

Loss-of-function DJ-1 (PARK7) mutations have been linked with a familial form of early onset Parkinson disease. Numerous studies have supported...

Discovery of a distinct domain in cyclin A sufficient for centrosomal localization independently of Cdk binding [Cell_Biology]

Pascreau, G., Eckerdt, F., Churchill, M. E. A., Maller, J. L. — Tue, 26 Jan 2010 10:43:12 PST

Centrosomes have recently emerged as key regulators of the cell cycle. The G1/S transition requires a functional centrosome, and centrosomal...

Agmatidine, a modified cytidine in the anticodon of archaeal tRNAIle, base pairs with adenosine but not with guanosine [Biochemistry]

Tue, 26 Jan 2010 09:51:20 PST

Modification of the cytidine in the first anticodon position of the AUA decoding tRNA^Ile ( ) of bacteria and archaea...

Reactive oxygen species-independent activation of the IL-1{beta} inflammasome in cells from patients with chronic granulomatous disease [Immunology]

Tue, 26 Jan 2010 10:43:15 PST

Humans with chronic granulomatous diseases (CGDs) due to mutations in p47-phox have defective NADPH activity and thus cannot generate NADPH-dependent...

Enhancement of GABAA-current run-down in the hippocampus occurs at the first spontaneous seizure in a model of temporal lobe epilepsy [Neuroscience]

Tue, 26 Jan 2010 10:43:12 PST

Refractory temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is associated with a dysfunction of inhibitory signaling mediated by GABA_A receptors. In particular, the...

Aspartate racemase, generating neuronal D-aspartate, regulates adult neurogenesis [Neuroscience]

Tue, 26 Jan 2010 10:43:09 PST

D-Aspartic acid is abundant in the developing brain. We have identified and cloned mammalian aspartate racemase (DR), which converts L-aspartate...

IL-10 directly suppresses CD4 but not CD8 T cell effector and memory responses following acute viral infection [Immunology]

Brooks, D. G., Walsh, K. B., Elsaesser, H., Oldstone, M. B. A. — Tue, 26 Jan 2010 10:43:14 PST

Mounting effective T cell responses is critical for eliciting long-lasting immunity following viral infection and vaccination. A multitude of inhibitory...

General trend for pressurized superconducting hydrogen-dense materials [Physics]

Kim, D. Y., Scheicher, R. H., Mao, H.-k., Kang, T. W., Ahuja, R. — Tue, 26 Jan 2010 09:51:17 PST

The long-standing prediction that hydrogen can assume a metallic state under high pressure, combined with arguments put forward more recently...

Asymmetric receptor contact is required for tyrosine autophosphorylation of fibroblast growth factor receptor in living cells [Biochemistry]

Bae, J. H., Boggon, T. J., Tome, F., Mandiyan, V., Lax, I., Schlessinger, J. — Tue, 26 Jan 2010 09:51:19 PST

Tyrosine autophosphorylation of receptor tyrosine kinases plays a critical role in regulation of kinase activity and in recruitment and activation...

ACAT1 gene ablation increases 24(S)-hydroxycholesterol content in the brain and ameliorates amyloid pathology in mice with AD [Medical_Sciences]

Tue, 26 Jan 2010 10:43:10 PST

Cholesterol metabolism has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases, including the abnormal accumulation of amyloid-β, one of...

A Drosophila model for TDP-43 proteinopathy [Neuroscience]

Tue, 26 Jan 2010 10:43:08 PST

Neuropathology involving TAR DNA binding protein-43 (TDP-43) has been identified in a wide spectrum of neurodegenerative diseases collectively named as...

Arabidopsis V-ATPase activity at the tonoplast is required for efficient nutrient storage but not for sodium accumulation [Plant_Biology]

Tue, 26 Jan 2010 10:43:15 PST

The productivity of higher plants as a major source of food and energy is linked to their ability to buffer...

Kappa opioid receptor contributes to EGF-stimulated neurite extension in development [Neuroscience]

Tsai, N.-P., Tsui, Y.-C., Pintar, J. E., Loh, H. H., Wei, L.-N. — Tue, 26 Jan 2010 10:43:07 PST

Epidermal growth factor (EGF), a mitogen, also stimulates neurite extension during development, but the underlying mechanism is elusive. This study...

Nasal chemosensory cells use bitter taste signaling to detect irritants and bacterial signals [Neuroscience]

Tue, 26 Jan 2010 10:43:11 PST

The upper respiratory tract is continually assaulted with harmful dusts and xenobiotics carried on the incoming airstream. Detection of such...

NleH effectors interact with Bax inhibitor-1 to block apoptosis during enteropathogenic Escherichia coli infection [Microbiology]

Tue, 26 Jan 2010 10:43:11 PST

The human pathogens enteropathogenic (EPEC) and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli and the related mouse pathogen Citrobacter rodentium subvert a variety of...

Cross-frequency coupling supports multi-item working memory in the human hippocampus [Neuroscience]

Axmacher, N., Henseler, M. M., Jensen, O., Weinreich, I., Elger, C. E., Fell, J. — Tue, 26 Jan 2010 10:43:12 PST

Recent findings indicate that the hippocampus supports not only long-term memory encoding but also plays a role in working memory...

Reengineering orthogonally selective riboswitches [Chemistry]

Tue, 26 Jan 2010 09:51:17 PST

The ability to independently control the expression of multiple genes by addition of distinct small-molecule modulators has many applications from...

Chemoresponsive assemblies of microparticles at liquid crystalline interfaces [Engineering]

Koenig, G. M., Lin, I-H., Abbott, N. L. — Tue, 26 Jan 2010 09:51:20 PST

Assemblies formed by solid particles at interfaces have been widely studied because they serve as models of molecular phenomena, including...

Hsp90 inhibitors block outgrowth of EBV-infected malignant cells in vitro and in vivo through an EBNA1-dependent mechanism [Microbiology]

Tue, 26 Jan 2010 10:43:07 PST

EBV causes infectious mononucleosis and is associated with certain malignancies. EBV nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) mediates EBV genome replication, partition,...

Universal distribution of protein evolution rates as a consequence of protein folding physics [Evolution]

Lobkovsky, A. E., Wolf, Y. I., Koonin, E. V. — Tue, 26 Jan 2010 10:43:07 PST

The hypothesis that folding robustness is the primary determinant of the evolution rate of proteins is explored using a coarse-grained...

LIM protein Ajuba functions as a nuclear receptor corepressor and negatively regulates retinoic acid signaling [Cell_Biology]

Tue, 26 Jan 2010 10:43:14 PST

Corepressors play an essential role in nuclear receptor-mediated transcriptional repression. In general, corepressors directly bind to nuclear receptors via CoRNR...

Engineering an artificial zymogen by alternate frame protein folding [Applied_Biological_Sciences]

Mitrea, D. M., Parsons, L. S., Loh, S. N. — Tue, 26 Jan 2010 09:51:16 PST

Alternate frame folding (AFF) is a novel mechanism by which allostery can be introduced into a protein where none may...

Long-range enhancers on 8q24 regulate c-Myc [Genetics]

Tue, 26 Jan 2010 10:43:14 PST

Recent genomewide association studies have found multiple genetic variants on chromosome 8q24 that are significantly associated with an increased susceptibility...

Alternative end-joining catalyzes robust IgH locus deletions and translocations in the combined absence of ligase 4 and Ku70 [Immunology]

Mon, 25 Jan 2010 16:23:38 PST

Class switch recombination (CSR) in B lymphocytes is initiated by introduction of multiple DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) into switch (S)...

Model tests of gliding with different hindwing configurations in the four-winged dromaeosaurid Microraptor gui [Evolution]

Alexander, D. E., Gong, E., Martin, L. D., Burnham, D. A., Falk, A. R. — Mon, 25 Jan 2010 16:23:45 PST

Fossils of the remarkable dromaeosaurid Microraptor gui and relatives clearly show well-developed flight feathers on the hind limbs as well...

Molecular keys of the tropism of integration of the cholera toxin phage [Microbiology]

Das, B., Bischerour, J., Val, M.-E., Barre, F.-X. — Thu, 21 Jan 2010 14:33:53 PST

Cholera toxin is encoded in the genome of CTX, a lysogenic filamentous phage of Vibrio cholerae. CTX variants contribute to...

Lsr2 is a nucleoid-associated protein that targets AT-rich sequences and virulence genes in Mycobacterium tuberculosis [Microbiology]

Wed, 20 Jan 2010 14:38:16 PST

Bacterial nucleoid-associated proteins play important roles in chromosome organization and global gene regulation. We find that Lsr2 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis...

Kupfer-type immunological synapse characteristics do not predict anti-brain tumor cytolytic T-cell function in vivo [Neuroscience]

Tue, 19 Jan 2010 14:38:44 PST

To analyze the in vivo structure of antigen-specific immunological synapses during an effective immune response, we established brain tumors expressing...

Atmospheric Chemistry Special Feature: Evidence for the role of organics in aerosol particle formation under atmospheric conditions [Chemistry]

Tue, 19 Jan 2010 09:12:57 PST

New particle formation in the atmosphere is an important parameter in governing the radiative forcing of atmospheric aerosols. However, detailed...

Rpd3-dependent boundary formation at telomeres by removal of Sir2 substrate [Genetics]

Tue, 19 Jan 2010 14:38:46 PST

Boundaries between euchromatic and heterochromatic regions until now have been associated with chromatin-opening activities. Here, we identified an unexpected role...

Marine Reserves Special Feature: Political economy of marine reserves: Understanding the role of opportunity costs [Economic_Sciences]

Smith, M. D., Lynham, J., Sanchirico, J. N., Wilson, J. A. — Tue, 19 Jan 2010 14:38:51 PST

The creation of marine reserves is often controversial. For decisionmakers, trying to find compromises, an understanding of the timing, magnitude,...

Human stem cell delivery for treatment of large segmental bone defects [Engineering]

Tue, 19 Jan 2010 14:38:59 PST

Local or systemic stem cell delivery has the potential to promote repair of a variety of damaged or degenerated tissues....

Sackler Special Feature: Linking knowledge with action in the pursuit of sustainable water-resources management [Environmental_Science]

Thu, 14 Jan 2010 14:02:42 PST

Managing water for sustainable use and economic development is both a technical and a governance challenge in which knowledge production...

Requirement for deoxycytidine kinase in T and B lymphocyte development [Medical_Sciences]

Wed, 13 Jan 2010 15:09:33 PST

Deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) is a rate-limiting enzyme in deoxyribonucleoside salvage, a metabolic pathway that recycles products of DNA degradation. dCK...

Atmospheric Chemistry Special Feature: Observations of aminium salts in atmospheric nanoparticles and possible climatic implications [Environmental_Sciences]

Thu, 07 Jan 2010 11:36:26 PST

We present laboratory studies and field observations that explore the role of aminium salt formation in atmospheric nanoparticle growth. These...

Atmospheric Chemistry Special Feature: Light changes the atmospheric reactivity of soot [Environmental_Sciences]

Wed, 06 Jan 2010 12:36:09 PST

Soot particles produced by incomplete combustion processes are one of the major components of urban air pollution. Chemistry at their...

Atmospheric Chemistry Special Feature: Reactive intermediates revealed in secondary organic aerosol formation from isoprene [Chemistry]

Thu, 31 Dec 2009 08:28:11 PST

Isoprene is a significant source of atmospheric organic aerosol; however, the oxidation pathways that lead to secondary organic aerosol (SOA)...

Atmospheric Chemistry Special Feature: Yields of {beta}-hydroxynitrates, dihydroxynitrates, and trihydroxynitrates formed from OH radical-initiated reactions of 2-methyl-1-alkenes [Chemistry]

Matsunaga, A., Ziemann, P. J. — Thu, 31 Dec 2009 08:28:13 PST

Yields of β-hydroxynitrates, dihydroxynitrates, and trihydroxynitrates, in particles formed from OH radical-initiated reactions of C₉-C₁₅ 2-methyl-1-alkenes in the presence of...

Atmospheric Chemistry Special Feature: Carbohydrate-like composition of submicron atmospheric particles and their production from ocean bubble bursting [Geophysics]

Russell, L. M., Hawkins, L. N., Frossard, A. A., Quinn, P. K., Bates, T. S. — Thu, 31 Dec 2009 08:28:12 PST

Oceans cover over two-thirds of the Earth’s surface, and the particles emitted to the atmosphere by waves breaking on sea...

Regenerative Medicine Special Feature: Bioartificial matrices for therapeutic vascularization [Engineering]

Phelps, E. A., Landazuri, N., Thule, P. M., Taylor, W. R., Garcia, A. J. — Thu, 31 Dec 2009 08:28:13 PST

Therapeutic vascularization remains a significant challenge in regenerative medicine applications. Whether the goal is to induce vascular growth in ischemic...

Atmospheric Chemistry Special Feature: Effect of intrinsic organic carbon on the optical properties of fresh diesel soot [Geophysics]

Adler, G., Riziq, A. A., Erlick, C., Rudich, Y. — Thu, 31 Dec 2009 08:28:14 PST

This study focuses on the retrieval of the normalized mass absorption cross section (MAC) of soot using theoretical calculations that...

Posttranslational regulation impacts the fate of duplicated genes [Evolution]

Tue, 22 Dec 2009 16:42:33 PST

Gene and genome duplications create novel genetic material on which evolution can work and have therefore been recognized as a...

Epimorphic regeneration approach to tissue replacement in adult mammals [Cell_Biology]

Fri, 04 Dec 2009 18:55:51 PST

Urodeles and fetal mammals are capable of impressive epimorphic regeneration in a variety of tissues, whereas the typical default response...

Functional muscle regeneration with combined delivery of angiogenesis and myogenesis factors [Medical_Sciences]

Fri, 04 Dec 2009 18:55:51 PST

Regenerative efforts typically focus on the delivery of single factors, but it is likely that multiple factors regulating distinct aspects...

Small RNA as global regulator of carbon catabolite repression in Pseudomonas aeruginosa [Microbiology]

Sonnleitner, E., Abdou, L., Haas, D. — Thu, 03 Dec 2009 08:34:12 PST

In the metabolically versatile bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the RNA-binding protein Crc is involved in catabolite repression of a range of...

Regenerative Medicine Special Feature: Enabling tools for engineering collagenous tissues integrating bioreactors, intravital imaging, and biomechanical modeling [Cell_Biology]

Tue, 01 Dec 2009 09:47:58 PST

Many investigators have engineered diverse connective tissues having good mechanical properties, yet few tools enable a global understanding of the...

Regenerative Medicine Special Feature: Bioengineered corporal tissue for structural and functional restoration of the penis [Medical_Sciences]

Chen, K.-L., Eberli, D., Yoo, J. J., Atala, A. — Fri, 13 Nov 2009 10:25:55 PST

Various reconstructive procedures have been attempted to restore a cosmetically acceptable phallus that would allow normal reproductive, sexual, and urinary...

Knowledge Systems for Sustainable Development Special Feature Sackler Colloquium: Knowledge and innovation relationships in the shrimp industry in Thailand and Mexico [Sustainability_Science]

Lebel, L., Garden, P., Luers, A., Manuel-Navarrete, D., Giap, D. H. — Thu, 05 Nov 2009 10:00:16 PST

Experts, government officials, and industry leaders concerned about the sustainability of shrimp aquaculture believe they know what farmers need to...

Knowledge Systems for Sustainable Development Special Feature Sackler Colloquium: Evolution of models to support community and policy action with science: Balancing pastoral livelihoods and wildlife conservation in savannas of East Africa [Sustainability_Science]

Tue, 03 Nov 2009 10:12:47 PST

We developed a "continual engagement" model to better integrate knowledge from policy makers, communities, and researchers with the goal of...

Regenerative Medicine Special Feature: Sustained delivery of thermostabilized chABC enhances axonal sprouting and functional recovery after spinal cord injury [Neuroscience]

Lee, H., McKeon, R. J., Bellamkonda, R. V. — Mon, 02 Nov 2009 11:49:09 PST

Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) are a major class of axon growth inhibitors that are up-regulated after spinal cord injury (SCI)...

Atmospheric Chemistry Special Feature: Ultrafast photochemistry of methyl hydroperoxide on ice particles [Chemistry]

Kamboures, M. A., Nizkorodov, S. A., Gerber, R. B. — Wed, 21 Oct 2009 11:49:06 PDT

Simulations show that photodissociation of methyl hydroperoxide, CH₃OOH, on water clusters produces a surprisingly wide range of products on a...

Regenerative Medicine Special Feature: Interrogating functional integration between injected pluripotent stem cell-derived cells and surrogate cardiac tissue [Applied_Biological_Sciences]

Wed, 21 Oct 2009 11:49:03 PDT

Myocardial infarction resulting in irreversible loss of cardiomyocytes (CMs) remains a leading cause of heart failure. Although cell transplantation has...

Regenerative Medicine Special Feature: Engineering anatomically shaped human bone grafts [Medical_Sciences]

Fri, 09 Oct 2009 08:59:56 PDT

The ability to engineer anatomically correct pieces of viable and functional human bone would have tremendous potential for bone reconstructions...

Regenerative Medicine Special Feature: Genetic engineering of human stem cells for enhanced angiogenesis using biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles [Applied_Biological_Sciences]

Mon, 05 Oct 2009 12:25:42 PDT

Stem cells hold great potential as cell-based therapies to promote vascularization and tissue regeneration. However, the use of stem cells...

PKNOX2 gene is significantly associated with substance dependence in European-origin women [Social_Sciences]

Chen, X., Cho, K., Singer, B. H., Zhang, H. — Thu, 10 Sep 2009 12:39:16 PDT

Substance dependence is a complex environmental and genetic disorder that results in serious health and socioeconomic consequences. Many studies have...

Atmospheric Chemistry Special Feature: Reactions of ozone with human skin lipids: Sources of carbonyls, dicarbonyls, and hydroxycarbonyls in indoor air [Environmental_Sciences]

Wisthaler, A., Weschler, C. J. — Mon, 17 Aug 2009 12:30:39 PDT

This study has used proton transfer reaction-mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) for direct air analyses of volatile products resulting from the reactions...

Retractions for vol. 96, p. 11566 [Retractions]

Moore, Chang, Thlick, Ling, Yu — Tue, 25 Sep 2001 07:35:00 PDT