Evidence for neurogenesis in the adult mammalian substantia nigra

Departments of ^*Neuroscience, ^‡Cell and Molecular Biology, Medical Nobel Institute, and ^§Woman and Child Health, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden

Communicated by Tomas Hökfelt, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden, April 3, 2003 (received for review November 8, 2002)

Footnotes

↵¶ To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail: am.janson{at}neuro.ki.se or jonas.frisen{at}cmb.ki.se.
↵† M.Z. and S.M. contributed equally to this work.
Abbreviations: Ara-Cyt, cytosine-D-arabinofuranoside; CTB, choleratoxin subunit B; DG, dentate gyrus; DiI, 1,1′-dioctadecyl-6,6′-di-(4-sulfophenyl)-3,3,3′,3′-tetramethylindocarbocyanine; eGFP PRV, enhanced GFP expressing pseudo rabies virus; EM, electron microscope; GFAP, glial fibrillary acidic protein; i.c.v., intracerebroventricular; MPTP, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine; SNpc, substantia nigra pars compacta; TH, tyrosine hydroxylase; TUNEL, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling.
See commentary on page 7430.

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Total 2003	3662	2137	3696
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Jun 2004	62	152	136
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Feb 2005	33	95	90
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Apr 2005	39	91	61
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Total 2005	449	1066	900
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Mar 2006	26	97	70
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Apr 2008	37	64	43
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Jul 2008	56	23	45
Aug 2008	37	24	20
Sep 2008	63	25	32
Oct 2008	49	22	35
Nov 2008	82	38	23
Dec 2008	68	33	34
Total 2008	518	446	439
Jan 2009	42	19	26
Feb 2009	65	29	38
Mar 2009	44	48	40
Apr 2009	40	49	30
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Jun 2009	39	46	30
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Aug 2009	35	32	47
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Oct 2009	37	32	30
Nov 2009	45	28	41
Dec 2009	34	26	21
Total 2009	483	419	406
Jan 2010	18	23	19
Feb 2010	28	21	28
Mar 2010	57	36	34
Apr 2010	19	28	18
May 2010	49	51	35
Jun 2010	21	55	24
Jul 2010	78	55	48
Aug 2010	29	34	12
Sep 2010	31	47	24
Oct 2010	23	59	33
Nov 2010	37	70	34
Dec 2010	19	44	20
Total 2010	409	523	329
Jan 2011	34	52	28
Feb 2011	19	32	18
Mar 2011	35	38	33
Apr 2011	36	25	27
May 2011	30	41	31
Jun 2011	21	31	33
Jul 2011	20	20	22
Aug 2011	25	21	23
Sep 2011	47	31	27
Oct 2011	53	40	40
Nov 2011	41	52	39
Dec 2011	23	29	31
Total 2011	384	412	352
Jan 2012	36	30	32
Feb 2012	44	38	31
Mar 2012	27	26	19
Apr 2012	37	39	26
May 2012	50	37	25
Jun 2012	28	27	36
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Aug 2012	22	25	38
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Oct 2012	24	39	31
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Dec 2012	22	21	19
Total 2012	397	361	352
Jan 2013	31	48	38
Feb 2013	50	40	34
Mar 2013	45	58	28
Apr 2013	67	61	47
May 2013	42	36	36
Jun 2013	42	36	29
Jul 2013	27	46	31
Aug 2013	31	53	23
Sep 2013	34	63	36
Oct 2013	37	73	34
Nov 2013	44	29	20
Dec 2013	25	34	20
Total 2013	475	577	376
Jan 2014	38	37	21
Feb 2014	31	32	22
Mar 2014	50	33	26
Apr 2014	60	33	16
May 2014	23	35	22
Jun 2014	34	36	15
Jul 2014	26	39	15
Aug 2014	32	56	13
Sep 2014	47	66	16
Oct 2014	41	90	12
Nov 2014	40	43	7
Dec 2014	24	47	13
Total 2014	446	547	198
Jan 2015	29	34	12
Feb 2015	23	25	7
Mar 2015	36	39	16
Apr 2015	22	27	20
May 2015	27	34	34
Jun 2015	26	24	14
Jul 2015	33	35	17
Aug 2015	23	23	18
Sep 2015	33	33	21
Oct 2015	27	43	20
Nov 2015	26	33	12
Dec 2015	38	16	16
Total 2015	343	366	207
Jan 2016	35	36	21
Feb 2016	31	30	20
Mar 2016	22	36	29
Apr 2016	18	17	16
May 2016	12	9	23
Jun 2016	19	19	20
Jul 2016	27	9	20
Aug 2016	28	28	29
Sep 2016	28	19	14
Oct 2016	29	38	31
Nov 2016	33	24	11
Dec 2016	39	13	17
Total 2016	321	278	251
Jan 2017	23	25	20
Feb 2017	24	12	11
Mar 2017	31	17	12
Apr 2017	33	17	13
May 2017	37	45	9
Jun 2017	16	22	1
Jul 2017	16	22	15
Aug 2017	23	24	7
Sep 2017	31	30	14
Oct 2017	35	33	13
Nov 2017	14	21	6
Dec 2017	26	14	4
Total 2017	309	282	125
Jan 2018	33	43	19
Feb 2018	18	39	13
Mar 2018	21	58	22
Apr 2018	59	57	22
May 2018	54	52	14
Jun 2018	45	37	10
Jul 2018	40	42	6
Aug 2018	68	61	14
Sep 2018	37	37	18
Oct 2018	15	34	19
Nov 2018	5	55	13
Dec 2018	8	49	13
Total 2018	403	564	183
Jan 2019	8	66	26
Feb 2019	9	47	15
Mar 2019	14	56	16
Apr 2019	17	54	23
May 2019	12	72	26
Jun 2019	12	71	16
Jul 2019	16	51	24
Aug 2019	14	52	29
Sep 2019	18	58	37
Oct 2019	18	73	16
Nov 2019	14	53	22
Dec 2019	2	14	2
Total 2019	154	667	252
Total	10202	11755	10909