Table of Contents

Biological Sciences

• Applied Biological Sciences

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    Scanning electron microscopy of cells and tissues under fully hydrated conditions

    Stephan Thiberge, Amotz Nechushtan, David Sprinzak, Opher Gileadi, Vered Behar, Ory Zik, Yehuda Chowers, Shulamit Michaeli, Joseph Schlessinger, and Elisha Moses

    PNAS March 9, 2004 101 (10) 3346-3351; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0400088101

• Biochemistry

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    The molecular structure and catalytic mechanism of a novel carboxyl peptidase from Scytalidium lignicolum

    Masao Fujinaga, Maia M. Cherney, Hiroshi Oyama, Kohei Oda, and Michael N. G. James

    PNAS March 9, 2004 101 (10) 3364-3369; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0400246101
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    Site-specific Srb10-dependent phosphorylation of the yeast Mediator subunit Med2 regulates gene expression from the 2-μm plasmid

    Magnus Hallberg, Gennady V. Polozkov, Guo-Zhen Hu, Jenny Beve, Claes M. Gustafsson, Hans Ronne, and Stefan Björklund

    PNAS March 9, 2004 101 (10) 3370-3375; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0400221101
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    The specificity of SNARE-dependent fusion is encoded in the SNARE motif

    Fabienne Paumet, Vahid Rahimian, and James E. Rothman

    PNAS March 9, 2004 101 (10) 3376-3380; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0400271101
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    Decline in transcriptional activity of Nrf2 causes age-related loss of glutathione synthesis, which is reversible with lipoic acid

    Jung H. Suh, Swapna V. Shenvi, Brian M. Dixon, Honglei Liu, Anil K. Jaiswal, Rui-Ming Liu, and Tory M. Hagen

    PNAS March 9, 2004 101 (10) 3381-3386; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0400282101
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    Molecular mechanism of enantioselective proton transfer to carbon in catalytic antibody 14D9

    Lei Zheng, Ulrich Baumann, and Jean-Louis Reymond

    PNAS March 9, 2004 101 (10) 3387-3392; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0400263101
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    The role of the allosteric B site in the fumarase reaction

    Irwin A. Rose and Todd M. Weaver

    PNAS March 9, 2004 101 (10) 3393-3397; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0307524101
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    Transcription-induced barriers to supercoil diffusion in the Salmonella typhimurium chromosome

    Shuang Deng, Richard A. Stein, and N. Patrick Higgins

    PNAS March 9, 2004 101 (10) 3398-3403; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0307550101
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    Biosynthesis in vitro of Caenorhabditis elegans phosphorylcholine oligosaccharides

    John F. Cipollo, Antoine Awad, Catherine E. Costello, Phillips W. Robbins, and Carlos B. Hirschberg

    PNAS March 9, 2004 101 (10) 3404-3408; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0400384101

• Biophysics

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    Differential dynamics in the G protein-coupled receptor rhodopsin revealed by solution NMR

    Judith Klein-Seetharaman, Naveena V. K. Yanamala, Fathima Javeed, Philip J. Reeves, Elena V. Getmanova, Michele C. Loewen, Harald Schwalbe, and H. Gobind Khorana

    PNAS March 9, 2004 101 (10) 3409-3413; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0308713101
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    Solution structure of dengue virus capsid protein reveals another fold

    Lixin Ma, Christopher T. Jones, Teresa D. Groesch, Richard J. Kuhn, and Carol Beth Post

    PNAS March 9, 2004 101 (10) 3414-3419; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0305892101
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    Microscopic observations reveal that fusogenic peptides induce liposome shrinkage prior to membrane fusion

    Fumimasa Nomura, Takehiko Inaba, Satoshi Ishikawa, Miki Nagata, Sho Takahashi, Hirokazu Hotani, and Kingo Takiguchi

    PNAS March 9, 2004 101 (10) 3420-3425; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0304660101
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    Low-energy circular dichroism of 2-aminopurine dinucleotide as a probe of local conformation of DNA and RNA

    Neil P. Johnson, Walter A. Baase, and Peter H. von Hippel

    PNAS March 9, 2004 101 (10) 3426-3431; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0400591101
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    Integrating folding kinetics and protein function: Biphasic kinetics and dual binding specificity in a WW domain

    John Karanicolas and Charles L. Brooks III

    PNAS March 9, 2004 101 (10) 3432-3437; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0304825101

• Cell Biology

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    The tumor suppressor LKB1 kinase directly activates AMP-activated kinase and regulates apoptosis in response to energy stress

    • Inaugural Article

    Reuben J. Shaw, Monica Kosmatka, Nabeel Bardeesy, Rebecca L. Hurley, Lee A. Witters, Ronald A. DePinho, and Lewis C. Cantley

    PNAS March 9, 2004 101 (10) 3329-3335; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0308061100

    See companion article:

    • Biography of Lewis C. Cantley

      - Mar 01, 2004
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    Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is required for induction of autophagy during lumen formation in vitro

    Kenna R. Mills, Mauricio Reginato, Jayanta Debnath, Bridget Queenan, and Joan S. Brugge

    PNAS March 9, 2004 101 (10) 3438-3443; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0400443101
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    Kinesin's second step

    Lisa M. Klumpp, Andreas Hoenger, and Susan P. Gilbert

    PNAS March 9, 2004 101 (10) 3444-3449; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0307691101
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    Annexin 2–caveolin 1 complex is a target of ezetimibe and regulates intestinal cholesterol transport

    Eric J. Smart, Robert A. De Rose, and Steven A. Farber

    PNAS March 9, 2004 101 (10) 3450-3455; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0400441101
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    Identification of p53 regulators by genome-wide functional analysis

    Qihong Huang, Angel Raya, Paul DeJesus, Sheng-Hao Chao, Kim C. Quon, Jeremy S. Caldwell, Sumit K. Chanda, Juan C. Izpisua-Belmonte, and Peter G. Schultz

    PNAS March 9, 2004 101 (10) 3456-3461; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0308562100
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    Attractant binding alters arrangement of chemoreceptor dimers within its cluster at a cell pole

    Motohiro Homma, Daisuke Shiomi, Michio Homma, and Ikuro Kawagishi

    PNAS March 9, 2004 101 (10) 3462-3467; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0306660101
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    Basonuclin 2: An extremely conserved homolog of the zinc finger protein basonuclin

    Amandine Vanhoutteghem and Philippe Djian

    PNAS March 9, 2004 101 (10) 3468-3473; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0400268101

• Developmental Biology

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    Defective cardiovascular development and elevated cyclin E and Notch proteins in mice lacking the Fbw7 F-box protein

    • Inaugural Article
    • From the Cover

    Michael T. Tetzlaff, Wei Yu, Mamie Li, Pumin Zhang, Milton Finegold, Kathleen Mahon, J. Wade Harper, Robert J. Schwartz, and Stephen J. Elledge

    PNAS March 9, 2004 101 (10) 3338-3345; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0307875101

    See companion article:

    • Biography of Stephen J. Elledge

      - Mar 01, 2004
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    Hearing loss and retarded cochlear development in mice lacking type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase

    Lily Ng, Richard J. Goodyear, Chad A. Woods, Mark J. Schneider, Edward Diamond, Guy P. Richardson, Matthew W. Kelley, Donald L. St. Germain, Valerie Anne Galton, and Douglas Forrest

    PNAS March 9, 2004 101 (10) 3474-3479; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0307402101

• Evolution

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    Codon usage between genomes is constrained by genome-wide mutational processes

    Swaine L. Chen, William Lee, Alison K. Hottes, Lucy Shapiro, and Harley H. McAdams

    PNAS March 9, 2004 101 (10) 3480-3485; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0307827100
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    Decreased expression of Cu–Zn superoxide dismutase 1 in ants with extreme lifespan

    Joel D. Parker, Karen M. Parker, Barbara H. Sohal, Rajindar S. Sohal, and Laurent Keller

    PNAS March 9, 2004 101 (10) 3486-3489; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0400222101
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    High MHC diversity maintained by balancing selection in an otherwise genetically monomorphic mammal

    Andres Aguilar, Gary Roemer, Sally Debenham, Matthew Binns, David Garcelon, and Robert K. Wayne

    PNAS March 9, 2004 101 (10) 3490-3494; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0306582101
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    Transmembrane protein domains rarely use covalent domain recombination as an evolutionary mechanism

    Yang Liu, Mark Gerstein, and Donald M. Engelman

    PNAS March 9, 2004 101 (10) 3495-3497; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0307330101

• Genetics

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    Venezuelan kindreds reveal that genetic and environmental factors modulate Huntington's disease age of onset

    The U.S.–Venezuela Collaborative Research Project* and Nancy S. Wexler

    PNAS March 9, 2004 101 (10) 3498-3503; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0308679101
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    A variable dinucleotide repeat in the CFTR gene contributes to phenotype diversity by forming RNA secondary structures that alter splicing

    Timothy W. Hefferon, Joshua D. Groman, Catherine E. Yurk, and Garry R. Cutting

    PNAS March 9, 2004 101 (10) 3504-3509; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0400182101
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    Siah-1b is a direct transcriptional target of p53: Identification of the functional p53 responsive element in the siah-1b promoter

    Giusy Fiucci, Séverine Beaucourt, Dominique Duflaut, Alexandra Lespagnol, Pamela Stumptner-Cuvelette, Anne Géant, Gilles Buchwalter, Marcel Tuynder, Laurent Susini, Jean-Michel Lassalle, Christine Wasylyk, Bohdan Wasylyk, Moshe Oren, Robert Amson, and Adam Telerman

    PNAS March 9, 2004 101 (10) 3510-3515; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0400177101

• Immunology

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    Toll-like receptors 9 and 3 as essential components of innate immune defense against mouse cytomegalovirus infection

    Koichi Tabeta, Philippe Georgel, Edith Janssen, Xin Du, Kasper Hoebe, Karine Crozat, Suzanne Mudd, Louis Shamel, Sosathya Sovath, Jason Goode, Lena Alexopoulou, Richard A. Flavell, and Bruce Beutler

    PNAS March 9, 2004 101 (10) 3516-3521; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0400525101
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    Intestinal inflammation in mice deficient in Tir8, an inhibitory member of the IL-1 receptor family

    Cecilia Garlanda, Federica Riva, Nadia Polentarutti, Chiara Buracchi, Marina Sironi, Maida De Bortoli, Marta Muzio, Raffaella Bergottini, Eugenio Scanziani, Annunciata Vecchi, Emilio Hirsch, and Alberto Mantovani

    PNAS March 9, 2004 101 (10) 3522-3526; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0308680101
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    Missing self-recognition of Ocil/Clr-b by inhibitory NKR-P1 natural killer cell receptors

    James R. Carlyle, Amanda M. Jamieson, Stephan Gasser, Christopher S. Clingan, Hisashi Arase, and David H. Raulet

    PNAS March 9, 2004 101 (10) 3527-3532; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0308304101
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    Toll-like receptor 3-mediated activation of NF-κB and IRF3 diverges at Toll-IL-1 receptor domain-containing adapter inducing IFN-β

    Zhengfan Jiang, Tak W. Mak, Ganes Sen, and Xiaoxia Li

    PNAS March 9, 2004 101 (10) 3533-3538; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0308496101
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    Structural mechanism for affinity maturation of an anti-lysozyme antibody

    Ana Cauerhff, Fernando A. Goldbaum, and Bradford C. Braden

    PNAS March 9, 2004 101 (10) 3539-3544; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0400060101
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    Differential tumor necrosis factor receptor 2-mediated editing of virus-specific CD8⁺ effector T cells

    Stephen J. Turner, Nicole L. La Gruta, John Stambas, Gabriela Diaz, and Peter C. Doherty

    PNAS March 9, 2004 101 (10) 3545-3550; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0307347101
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    Structural availability influences the capacity of autoantigenic epitopes to induce a widespread lupus-like autoimmune response

    Micah T. McClain, Carol S. Lutz, Kenneth M. Kaufman, Ofer Z. Faig, Timothy F. Gross, and Judith A. James

    PNAS March 9, 2004 101 (10) 3551-3556; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0306267101

• Medical Sciences

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    Human CD34⁺ cells differentiate into microglia and express recombinant therapeutic protein

    Muriel Asheuer, Françoise Pflumio, Sonia Benhamida, Anne Dubart-Kupperschmitt, Françoise Fouquet, Yoshinori Imai, Patrick Aubourg, and Nathalie Cartier

    PNAS March 9, 2004 101 (10) 3557-3562; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0306431101
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    Synergistic activation of NF-κB by nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae and tumor necrosis factor α

    Takahiro Watanabe, Hirofumi Jono, Jiahuai Han, David J. Lim, and Jian-Dong Li

    PNAS March 9, 2004 101 (10) 3563-3568; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0400557101
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    Isolation and characterization of a digoxin transporter and its rat homologue expressed in the kidney

    Tsuyoshi Mikkaichi, Takehiro Suzuki, Tohru Onogawa, Masayuki Tanemoto, Hiroya Mizutamari, Masahiro Okada, Tatsuji Chaki, Satohiro Masuda, Taro Tokui, Nobuaki Eto, Michiaki Abe, Fumitoshi Satoh, Michiaki Unno, Takanori Hishinuma, Ken-ichi Inui, Sadayoshi Ito, Junichi Goto, and Takaaki Abe

    PNAS March 9, 2004 101 (10) 3569-3574; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0304987101
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    Specific mutations of hepatitis B virus in plasma predict liver cancer development

    Shuang-Yuan Kuang, Peta E. Jackson, Jin-Bing Wang, Pei-Xing Lu, Alvaro Muñoz, Geng-Sun Qian, Thomas W. Kensler, and John D. Groopman

    PNAS March 9, 2004 101 (10) 3575-3580; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0308232100
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    Systemic delivery of human microdystrophin to regenerating mouse dystrophic muscle by muscle progenitor cells

    Estanislao Bachrach, Sheng Li, Antonio L. Perez, Jaclyn Schienda, Kalliopi Liadaki, Jay Volinski, Alan Flint, Jeffrey Chamberlain, and Louis M. Kunkel

    PNAS March 9, 2004 101 (10) 3581-3586; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0400373101
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    Inactivation of a Pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum-sensing signal by human airway epithelia

    • From the Cover

    Carlene K. Chun, Egon A. Ozer, Michael J. Welsh, Joseph Zabner, and E. P. Greenberg

    PNAS March 9, 2004 101 (10) 3587-3590; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0308750101

    See companion article:

    • Bacterial quorum-sensing signals are inactivated by mammalian cells

      - Mar 15, 2004

• Microbiology

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    CbiZ, an amidohydrolase enzyme required for salvaging the coenzyme B₁₂ precursor cobinamide in archaea

    Jesse D. Woodson and Jorge C. Escalante-Semerena

    PNAS March 9, 2004 101 (10) 3591-3596; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0305939101
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    Dissecting virulence: Systematic and functional analyses of a pathogenicity island

    Wanyin Deng, José L. Puente, Samantha Gruenheid, Yuling Li, Bruce A. Vallance, Alejandra Vázquez, Jeannette Barba, J. Antonio Ibarra, Paul O'Donnell, Pavel Metalnikov, Keith Ashman, Sansan Lee, David Goode, Tony Pawson, and B. Brett Finlay

    PNAS March 9, 2004 101 (10) 3597-3602; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0400326101
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    The herpes simplex virus 1 U_L41 gene-dependent destabilization of cellular RNAs is selective and may be sequence-specific

    Audrey Esclatine, Brunella Taddeo, Linton Evans, and Bernard Roizman

    PNAS March 9, 2004 101 (10) 3603-3608; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0400354101

• Neuroscience

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    Presynaptic homeostasis at CNS nerve terminals compensates for lack of a key Ca²⁺ entry pathway

    Erika S. Piedras-Rentería, Jason L. Pyle, Max Diehn, Lindsey L. Glickfeld, Nobutoshi C. Harata, Yuqing Cao, Ege T. Kavalali, Patrick O. Brown, and Richard W. Tsien

    PNAS March 9, 2004 101 (10) 3609-3614; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0308188100
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    Frontostriatal deficits in fragile X syndrome: Relation to FMR1 gene expression

    V. Menon, J. Leroux, C. D. White, and A. L. Reiss

    PNAS March 9, 2004 101 (10) 3615-3620; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0304544101
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    Overexpression of acid-sensing ion channel 1a in transgenic mice increases acquired fear-related behavior

    John A. Wemmie, Matthew W. Coryell, Candice C. Askwith, Ejvis Lamani, A. Soren Leonard, Curt D. Sigmund, and Michael J. Welsh

    PNAS March 9, 2004 101 (10) 3621-3626; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0308753101
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    Inhibition of neuronal phenotype by PTEN in PC12 cells

    Sergei Musatov, Jill Roberts, Andrew I. Brooks, John Pena, Simone Betchen, Donald W. Pfaff, and Michael G. Kaplitt

    PNAS March 9, 2004 101 (10) 3627-3631; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0308289101
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    Amyloid β peptide load is correlated with increased β-secretase activity in sporadic Alzheimer's disease patients

    Rena Li, Kristina Lindholm, Li-Bang Yang, Xu Yue, Martin Citron, Riqiang Yan, Thomas Beach, Lucia Sue, Marwan Sabbagh, Huaibin Cai, Philip Wong, Donald Price, and Yong Shen

    PNAS March 9, 2004 101 (10) 3632-3637; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0205689101
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    Delay accuracy in bat sonar is related to the reciprocal of normalized echo bandwidth, or Q

    James A. Simmons, Nicola Neretti, Nathan Intrator, Richard A. Altes, Michael J. Ferragamo, and Mark I. Sanderson

    PNAS March 9, 2004 101 (10) 3638-3643; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0308279101
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    Transgene-driven expression of the Doppel protein in Purkinje cells causes Purkinje cell degeneration and motor impairment

    Lucy Anderson, Daniela Rossi, Jackie Linehan, Sebastian Brandner, and Charles Weissmann

    PNAS March 9, 2004 101 (10) 3644-3649; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0308681101
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    The tissue plasminogen activator-plasmin system participates in the rewarding effect of morphine by regulating dopamine release

    • From the Cover

    Taku Nagai, Kiyofumi Yamada, Masako Yoshimura, Kazuhiro Ishikawa, Yoshiaki Miyamoto, Kazuki Hashimoto, Yukihiro Noda, Atsumi Nitta, and Toshitaka Nabeshima

    PNAS March 9, 2004 101 (10) 3650-3655; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0306587101
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    The long-term stability of new hippocampal place fields requires new protein synthesis

    Naveen T. Agnihotri, Robert D. Hawkins, Eric R. Kandel, and Clifford Kentros

    PNAS March 9, 2004 101 (10) 3656-3661; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0400385101
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    Tonic inhibition in mouse hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons is mediated by α5 subunit-containing γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptors

    Valerie B. Caraiscos, Erin M. Elliott, Kong E. You-Ten, Victor Y. Cheng, Delia Belelli, J. Glen Newell, Michael F. Jackson, Jeremy J. Lambert, Thomas W. Rosahl, Keith A. Wafford, John F. MacDonald, and Beverley A. Orser

    PNAS March 9, 2004 101 (10) 3662-3667; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0307231101

• Pharmacology

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    Expression and activation of the farnesoid X receptor in the vasculature

    David Bishop-Bailey, Desmond T. Walsh, and Timothy D. Warner

    PNAS March 9, 2004 101 (10) 3668-3673; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0400046101
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    Modulation of rhythmic brain activity by diazepam: GABA_Areceptor subtype and state specificity

    C. Kopp, U. Rudolph, K. Löw, and I. Tobler

    PNAS March 9, 2004 101 (10) 3674-3679; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0306975101
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    Peripheral analgesic blockade of hypernociception: Activation of arginine/NO/cGMP/protein kinase G/ATP-sensitive K⁺ channel pathway

    Daniela Sachs, Fernando Q. Cunha, and Sérgio H. Ferreira

    PNAS March 9, 2004 101 (10) 3680-3685; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0308382101

• Physiology

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    Diethylstilbestrol induces fish oocyte maturation

    Toshinobu Tokumoto, Mika Tokumoto, Ryo Horiguchi, Katsutoshi Ishikawa, and Yoshitaka Nagahama

    PNAS March 9, 2004 101 (10) 3686-3690; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0400072101
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    Vitamin C controls the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator chloride channel

    Horst Fischer, Christian Schwarzer, and Beate Illek

    PNAS March 9, 2004 101 (10) 3691-3696; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0308393100
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    The cardiovascular physiologic actions of urocortin II: Acute effects in murine heart failure

    Tracy L. Bale, Masahiko Hoshijima, Yusu Gu, Nancy Dalton, Keith R. Anderson, Kuo-Fen Lee, Jean Rivier, Kenneth R. Chien, Wylie W. Vale, and Kirk L. Peterson

    PNAS March 9, 2004 101 (10) 3697-3702; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0307324101

• Plant Biology

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    Multiple origins of crassulacean acid metabolism and the epiphytic habit in the Neotropical family Bromeliaceae

    Darren M. Crayn, Klaus Winter, and J. Andrew C. Smith

    PNAS March 9, 2004 101 (10) 3703-3708; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0400366101

• Population Biology

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    Persistent colonization and the spread of antibiotic resistance in nosocomial pathogens: Resistance is a regional problem

    David L. Smith, Jonathan Dushoff, Eli N. Perencevich, Anthony D. Harris, and Simon A. Levin

    PNAS March 9, 2004 101 (10) 3709-3714; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0400456101